CFZ18 International Human Resource Management Essay

CFZ18 International Human Resource Management - Essay Example A good example is the Nanjing university school of business which offers Masters of Science in Human Resource Management. In its portfolio, the institution describes the MSc Human Resource Management program as a program aimed at raising high-caliber fellows in order to meet the growing competitive needs in the global business environment (Bas & Zhao, 2012). Next, governments that decide to construct or re-construct states that function as per the rule of the law always lead to two contrasting movements. The first move constitutes nations involved in rebuilding their government institutions or building their government institutions from scratch. Examples of nations that have experienced this include Libya and South Sudan that have experienced internal conflicts and wars that have brought about state collapse (Natsios, 2012; LeRiche & Arnold, 2012). The second move constitutes of nations that have resorted to economic and political changes. A typical example of this measure is the action of the Eastern European nations to transform from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. In either case, a national government will only accept IHRM practices that are compliant with its bid to accomplish the restructuring endeavors. Another way in which a government can affect the effectiveness of implementation of HRM policies and practices is through issuance of guidance on the wages that employees should be receiving and simplification of the steps involved in forming labor unions. For example, the move by the Bangladesh government to appoint the tripartite minimum wage board whose duty is to significantly raise the lowest pay rendered to factory workers (Eyraud & Saget, 2005). To this end, the cabinet has approved a host of amendments to the labor laws therein in order to improve benefits in addition to simplifying the process of

Three Presidential Administrations Essay Example for Free

Three Presidential Administrations Essay I have chosen three presidential administrations that to my opinion had the greatest impact on the development of the American nation. These are the administrations of Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt. I am going to demonstrate that these administrations shaped America’s political, economic and financial model as well as laid the foundations of its modern foreign policy. I am going to consider the three administrations separately, and compare and contrast them in the conclusion of this paper. Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) Roosevelt’s presidency marked the beginning of the XX century for America with a completely new style of administration. As a steward of the people Roosevelt introduced a new idea of a president as a mouthpiece of the public good. At that he aimed to turn the government into an organizing power and arbiter of the national economic forces, including both large capitals and workers. Striving to provide fair competition in the national economy Roosevelt became known as a â€Å"trust buster† when he aggressively pursued the enforcement of the Sherman Act. On the other hand he declared the need for social reforms and social partnership that were necessary in order for capitalism to survive in America thusly laying grounds for modern American socioeconomic model. It appears that Roosevelt has not distinguished social and environmental issues that are viewed separately in our times. Although being a passionate hunter, he fostered major nature-oriented measures including significant increase of the national forests area and major irrigation projects. A link between social and environmental matters can be found in Pure Food and Drug Act that has been passed during Roosevelt’s presidency. Roosevelt was extremely concerned with public health believing that nature protection is a part of social policy. In the international arena Roosevelt made America both and active player and an arbiter for international disputes. He placed Panama into the range of American interests and increased the US influence in Central America by allowing construction of the Panama Canal under US control. As a mediator in the international disputes he intervened into the conflict between Venezuela and European nations with a proposition to settle the conflict in the International Court of Arbitration, and, most remarkably, mediated during the peace talks between Japan and Russia in 1905 that contributed greatly to America’s global prestige. It can thus be observed that Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency marked the beginnings for establishment of both US home policies in the social, economic and environmental fields and foreign policy as a global player and a global arbiter. Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921) Just like Roosevelt, Wilson believed that a president should first and foremost act as a representative of the people. And, just as Roosevelt, Wilson continued the course for establishment of partnership between large capital and the society. In order to normalize national finances he persuaded two major measures. Firstly he won the Congress support for Underwood Act that decreased overall tariff and eliminated tariff for such items as steel and wool, as well as established the Federal income tax as a unified basis for national taxation. Secondly he succeeded in passing the Federal Reserve Act providing the nation with the necessary supply of funds. Financial reforms were followed by social ones. In 1916 a new law prohibited child labor and limited the length of the working day to eight hours for some categories of workers. Yet some of Wilson’s measures in the social sphere are at least controversial. This includes his support to official segregation in the universities and state offices that has been finally eliminated only half a century later. Not less controversial was Wilson’s foreign policy. Having won his second elections as a â€Å"man who protected America from war† he still caused the Congress to declare America’s entry to the European conflict making WWI really global. Arms contract resulted in economic boost, while Wilson’s position during the subsequent peace talks was a major factor that produced interwar global order, including foundation of the League of Nations. Perhaps Wilson frankly strived to make WWI a war that would put an end to all wars and it is not the fault of his administration that the Versailles system collapsed in twenty years. Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945) F.D. Roosevelt is literally a person to whom America owes its present influence and prosperity. He became a leader of a nation that experienced dramatic economic and social crisis and has been withdrawing to isolationism from the rest of the world. By the end of his presidency America was the mightiest economy of the leader of the western nations. In the sphere of home policy Roosevelt demonstrated how state interference can contribute to economic revival, while in foreign policy he managed to win wars before first shots were made. Roosevelt’s â€Å"New Deal† provided relief to the tens of millions of the unemployed by canalizing this potentially dangerous energy to the national projects like highways construction and working in the rural areas. Such new bodies as Federal Emergency Relief Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, Public Works Administration and Agricultural Adjustment Administration were designed as state bodies that were to organize the unemployed to perform public works thusly providing them with jobs and salary. Roosevelt’s financial policy was more contradictory, including confiscation of privately owned gold and securing of economic growth by major loans that dramatically increased the national debts. Although the economy has been partially recovered, America was still too weak to play a decisive role in the global policy at the eve of the World War II. Roosevelt’s administration was extremely successfull in combining economy and foreign policy. The land-lease program advocated by Roosevelt both provided outstanding economic growth and allowed America to shape the course of the global war by economic and financial means. Whether Japan would attack Pearl-Harbor or not, America was already participating in the war as non-belligerent ally of Great Britain and USSR. Roosevelt championed in raking up the fire with the hands of the others, and in 1945 America was the only among Allied nations that has not suffered military devastation and whose economy allowed it to set the tone during peace conferences. Although Roosevelt died before the war was over, it was his effort that made America the only real winner in the World War II. Concluding the paper it can be observed that each of the three mentioned presidential administrations had to deal with similar problems and proposed similar solutions. In the home policy this included major economic and financial reforms that were to ensure the social development of America, while in the foreign policy this was a race for global leadership eventually won by the USA. Although Theodore Roosevelt demonstrated commitment to free economy and his homonym used state intervention to the economy, and although the views of America’s place in the world differed from Wilson to F.D. Roosevelt, their basic course was the same. It included establishment of socially oriented competitive economy and promotion of America to the position of the global leader and arbiter.

Privacy in Cyberspace Essay -- Internet Essays

Privacy in Cyberspace Computers and the Internet have changed many things in the world today. People surf the web on a daily bases for information and entertainment. The Internet is making things like paying your bills from home a possibility. This was something that you had to leave the house to do, even if it was just dropping a check in the mail. Now you can pay your bills and buy your groceries, with every thing being just a point and a click away. Other things that can be done on the Internet is E-mail and stock trading. The police and the FBI have even used the Internet to capture and convict criminals. All this new technology is coming at us so fast and from so many places. Such as television, magazines and news papers, pushing to buy sell or trade on the Internet. Yet how much do we know about what happens when you buy something or E-mail someone, who sees all this information. Could some Internet criminal get my credit card numbers, or bank account information. Many people in to days world do a great deal of their finical business on the Internet. Yet who is to say that people who the message is being sent are the only ones who will be reading it. You must remember that when you log on and send a message to someone that it could go through many systems before it gets to its final destination. While being sent through the system any one can read what was sent, and it is not illegal if it is readily accessible to the public. As you are looking at other peoples computers they can be looking at your computer. Many browsers keep track of where you have been on the Internet by using cookies. A cookie file is a small piece of information that a web server can store. However cookies are not without their problems. On... ...to your encrypted files then someone else could also. This issue should go one way or the other. It is either you take the risk of letting everyone have a chance to access what you wrote, or nobody has access to it. If nobody has access or control over what is going on then it could become a criminals play ground. Yet if we let people have access to our accounts, we have some degree of safety, at the cost of our privacy. I look at it this way if you don=t want people to see your underwear drying on a close line don=t put them on the line to start with. The same goes for your E-mail if you don=t want other people to read it then don=t send it. It is the same thing with keeping a secret once you tell one person they could tell some one else, that is why they say that three people can keep a secret if two are dead. Source Privacy in Cyberspace privacyright.org

Audit Memo

Audit Planning Memorandum for Database Environment Date| 02/04/2013| To| Audit Senior Management| School Board| Temple University| Prepared By| Shan Jiang| ————————————————- Background Types of RDBMS: MySQL 5. 0 – an open-source database used extensively in small or medium-sized web applications. One of the simplest databases to secure from hacking because of the small attack surface it exposes Number of DB servers: 3 Business units rely on the DBs: Sales and Distribution, Financial Services, Procurement, and Accounts Receivable.Organizational structure of the group who manages the DBs: Data Owner, system administrator, and database administrator. 1. 0 Internal Audit Objective and Scope 2. 1 Internal Audit Objective The objective of this review is to audit confidentiality, integrity, and availability of XYZ Company’s MySQL 5. 0 database environment. 2. 2 Inter nal Audit Scope and Approach The scope of this review includes an assessment of MySQL 5. 0 database environment. Specifically, this review will include: * Physical and administrative control Concurrent access controls * Change controls * Server configuration control * Database checkpoints * Schema Modifications * Redundancy elimination and relationship verification * Database restructuring * Data backup and disaster recovery plan 2. 3 Deliverables Audit deliverables will consist of the following: * Fieldwork documentation * Finding Issues * Audit draft report * Action plan and recommendation * Audit final report It is planned that the above deliverables will be delivered to you by 02/07/2013 for your review and subsequent discussion. . 0 High-Level Work Program Policy and standards, data backup and procedures, levels of access controls for data, data encryption, confidentiality, integrity, availability of data elements, database checkpoints at junctures, database reorganization, dat abase restructuring procedures and write report. 3. 0 General Information 4. 4 Internal Audit Team The internal audit team, with roles and responsibilities, includes the following people: * Lua Li: associate, audit database basic step and general controls. *Jia Meng: associate, audit database operating system security * Shan Jiang: associate, audit database accounts and permissions management * Zhou Zhou: senior associate, audit password strength and review database privileges * Chao Lang: senior associate, audit data encryption * Jia Yu: manager, verify database auditing and activity monitoring. 4. 5 Duration of Internal Audit The duration of this internal audit will be for one month commencing on 02/11/2013. 02/11/2013-02/15/2013 Planning 02/16/2013-02/20/2013 Fieldwork and documentation 2/21/2013-02/25/2013 Issue discovery and validation 02/26/2013-04/01/2013 Solution development 04/02/3013-04/07/2013 Report drafting and issuance 04/08/2013-04/11/2013 Final report and issue track ing It is anticipated that the fieldwork, working papers and drafting of deliverables will be completed by Internal Audit Team. 4. 6 Location of Internal Audit The location of the internal audit will be performed at XYZ Company. It is predicted that a site visit to XYZ Company will be conducted during the course of this review. 4. 7 Temple University Previous Audits Previous Audit Version: March 3, 2012Previous Critical Findings: Developers have direct access to update production code without permission. Impact: It is fixed. The DBMS team implemented a baseline tool for protecting the production code. The ability to check new code into this tool will be limited to the DBA. The team also documented procedures requiring approval and testing prior to submitting new production code for check-in. 4. 8 Key Contacts Contact| Position| Department| E-mail| Contact No. | Jim Green| Database Administrator| IT| [email  protected] com| 435-234-8899| Lucas Xiao| System Administrator| IT| [email   protected] om| 123-324-3211| David Han| Database Developer| IT| [email  protected] com| 876-123-1234| Ryan Li| System Analyst| IT| [email  protected] com| 542-345-0989| Billy Zhou| Manager| IT| [email  protected] com| 324-123-4321| 4. 0 High-Level Work Schedule Date| Task| Contact| 02/11/2013-02/15/2013| Verify policies and procedures about database version and available patches| David Han| 02/16/2013-02/20/2013| Determine baseline for adequate security setting and permissions on the directory and registry keys. | Ryan Li| 02/21/2013-02/25/2013| Verify legitimate accounts creation and password management capabilities. Jim Green| 02/26/2013-02/28/2013| Confidentiality, integrity, availability and encryption of data| Lucas Xiao| 03/01/2013-03/03/2013| Database checkpoints at junctures| Ryan Li| 03/04/2013-03/05/2013| Database reorganization| Lucas Xiao| 03/06/2013-03/08/2013| Database restructuring procedures| Jim Green| 03/09/2013-03/11/2013| Ready to report| Billy Zhou| 5. 0 Key concerns of management. Operating system administrators gains easy access to MySQL Server. SQL Server DBA's has local administrator privileges on Windows. Data breaches that compromise IP or personal privacy. 6. 0 Manager Sign-off Billy Zhou 02/07/2013

Dracula Coursework

TRAN5291M Traffic Network Modelling Assignment: [Dracula Coursework] Student ID Number: [200750558] Lecturer: [Dr. Ronghui Liu] Submission Date: [12/03/2013] Semester: [Semester 2] Academic Year: [2012-2013] Words: [1546] Table of Content 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 2. Task coding for base scenario†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Task C (Simulation for proposed bus lane scheme)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 4. Task D (comparison of bus stop and bus lay by)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 5. Task E (Proposed Scheme)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 6. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 7. Reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 0 1. Introduction Otley is a market town in the outskirts of Leeds having population of 14124(National statistics. 2004). Otley town council wants to patronage public transport service by improvin g bus services to market and improving local environment by traffic reduction. We as a transport planner have been tasked to measure the effectiveness of inclusion of bus lane on link 24-17 which is a two lane carriage way serving all traffic, also to consider a change of bus layby to a bus stop Figure 1 Otley NetworkThe bus service in on route from zone 105 to 109 with a frequency of one every 10 minutes. Data collected from Dracula after simulation for bus route which have 2 bus stop and one layby holds the base scenario for this report and also to which the proposed scheme is compared. 2. Task coding for base scenario 2. Simulation of the Base Scenario For base scenario, the network is coded with 2 bus stop on link 24-17 and 15-9 and a bus lay by on link 16-15, 5 iteration were done with random NSEED no which are shown in table 1 Day 1| Day 2| Day 3| Day 4| Day 5| NSEED| 12345| 23456| 34567| 45678| 56789| Table 1. Random NSEED NO. Data collected for this simulation in this report included average total journey time for cars and buses over the network for 5 days which was 90. 26 seconds with standard deviation of 2. 26 for cars and 354. 68 seconds with standard deviation of 7. 55 for buses. The total Journey time data was taken from . REB file Figure 1. Base scenario average journey time for 5 days 3 Task C 3. 1Simulation for proposed bus lane schemeSimulation for proposed bus lane on link 24-17 were carried with same NSEED no as in the base scenario with respective days. Figure 2. Average journey time with bus lane As the graph indicates average total journey time for cars is 89. 62 and for bus is 339. 48 sec ,which has decreased in comparison with the base scenario. When the average journey times for the base scenario is compared with the proposed bus lane scheme as shown in figure 3,it was observed that although the journey time with the inclusion of bus lane have decreased but the deviation from the mean is higher compared to base scenario.As from the fi gure 3 the maximum deviation for the bus lane scheme not much higher as in the case of base scenario but with a minimum deviation there is a probability that journey time with bus lane scheme can reduce further. Figure 3. comparison of avg. journey times for base scenario and bus lane journey time In case of cars the change in average total journey time does not have a significant impact as the journey time in the base scenario changes form 90. 26 hours to 89. 26 hours and also the error bar in both the cases is vey less.Figure 4. Average journey time for cars The average number of passengers in the bus lane scheme have decreased from 163 passengers to 158 and also the error bar in the bus lane scheme is high compared to base scenario, shown in Table 1 | Bus lane scheme avg| Error bar| Base scenario avg| Error bar| Npsg| 158. 2| 20. 5| 163. 6| 7. 68| Pdelay(m)| 761. 28| 110. 598| 777. 82| 57. 29| Tdwell(s)| 1082| 224. 9| 1100. 6| 98. 36| Table 1:Comparision of base scenario and bus lane scheme for busThe passenger delay and bus dwell time have rather decreased but the error bar in the respective cases for bus lane scheme are high compared to base scenario. Although the journey time, number of passenger, passenger delay and bus dwell time are decreasing in bus lane scheme compared to base scenario but the error bar are comparatively high, hence it is more appropriate to have a reliable system and inclusion of bus lane would not affect the overall current bus service of the otley network significantly, but its inclusion can improve certain parts of the network which are significant in improving public transport service . Task D (comparison of bus stop and bus lay by) Analysing the performance of lay by on link 17- 15 with no bus lane the average total journey time for cars almost remained the same and does not have any significant impact . But in case of bus the total journey time with layby was more when compared with the bus stop scenario, also the error bar i n the bus top scenario was smaller that of a layby scenario, as shown in figure 5 Figure 6. comparison of average journey time for bus layby and bus stop scenario.Comparing the average no of passengers ,passenger delay time and bus dwell time the bus lay by scenario was better than the bus stop scenario as the number of passenger decreased in bus stop scenario with bigger error bar compared to base scenario, passenger delay does not have a significant impact but bus dwell time was smaller than the base scenario but the value for error bar is just double in the bus stop scenario ,as shown in table 7. | Bus stop scenario avg| Error bar| Bus layby scenario avg| Error bar| Npsg| 158. 4| 16. 9| 163. 6| 7. 68| Pdelay(m)| 779. 87| 96. 64| 777. 82| 57. 29| Tdwell(s)| 1080. 4| 183. 63| 1100. 6| 98. 36| Table 2. Comparison of bus stop and bus lay by scenario In case of Queuing delay bus lay bay have larger queuing delay than bus stop queuing delay, as shown in figure 7 Figure 7. comparison of queuing delay for bus layby and bus stop More Queuing delay in bus layby than that in bus stop case is because once bus get off the road to pick passengers, bus have to face congestion because of other cars which are already in the route .Comparing the average speed for bus in both the scenarios buses on link 16 -15 with bus stop have higher average speed than the case of a layby, as shown in figure 8 Figure 8. comparison of average speed for bus Bus also create congestion for other vehicle while they are boarding or deboarding the passengers. Performance flow on link 16 -15 for cars is shown in figure 9 Figure 9. Comparison of performed flow for cars Figure above show that the performance flow for cars was better in case of bus stop than that of a layby.Analysing the simulation for both bus stop and bus lay by the average journey time for bus top was significantly smaller compared to bus lay by on link 16-15,other factors such as average speed ,no of passengers ,passenger delay ti me and bus dwell time does not have a significant impact . Hence replacing bus layby with a bus stop would be beneficial and would encourage more usage of public transport service. 5. Task E (Proposed Scheme) Improvement of public transport service can be done if passengers already have seasonal tickets, this will reduce the bus dwell time and would also decrease the passenger delay at the bus stop.Proposal is given for a bus lane of length on link 24-17 with a bus stop on link 16 -15 and encouraging 50 percent of the passengers to have seasonal tickets. Frequency of the bus is kept the same as in the case of base scenario Improving infrastructure could be helpful in improving public transport service as on the network there are sharp turns which cause manoeuvring difficulties and causes some of the time delay (e. g. turn from link 24-17 to 17-15) The average journey time for proposed scheme is shown in figure 10As shown in the above graph the average journey time have decreased con siderably after inclusion of seasonal ticket, bus lane and bus stop on link 16 -15. Although the error bar for the proposed scheme is double of the base scenario but the maximum error of the proposed scheme is lesser than the minimum error for the base scenario. In terms of environment the proposed scheme does not have a huge impact on environment, as the co2,NOx and hydrocarbon emission are nearly same in both the cases, as shown in table 3. | Pollutants emission and fuel consumption|   | Base scenario|   | Proposed scheme|   |   | | Avg| Error Bar| Avg| Error Bar|   | Co2 (Kg)| 33. 71| 1. 37| 34. 11| 0. 37|   | Nox(Kg)| 0. 694| 0. 03| 0. 7| 0. 007|   | Hc (Kg)| 2. 28| 0. 09| 2. 318| 0. 02|   | Fuel (L)| 158| 6. 45| 159. 5| 1. 7|   | Table 3. Pollutant emission in base scenario and proposed scheme Comparing the queuing delay for both the scenarios ,queuing delay for bus in proposed scheme was lesser as compared to that of the base scenario. Figure 11. Comparison o f queuing delay for proposed scheme and base scenarioWith inclusion of bus stop and bus lane the average speed for busses increases form 12. 23 kmph to 14. 95 kmph as shown in figure12 When comparing the average no of passengers ,passenger delay at bus stop and bus dwell time we see that the no of passenger at the bus stop have increased and bus dwell time have decreased which is beneficial in improvement of public transport services. 6. Conclusion In the proposed scheme for the otley network in Dracula the inclusion of bus lane on link 24-17 and a bus stop on link 16-15 is beneficial . lso 50 percent of passengers having seasonal ticket is an advantage as it is reducing the bus dwell time and also the bus total journey time. 7. Reference 1. Office for National Statistics. (2004). Neighbourhood statistics. Available: http://www. neighbourhood. statistics. gov. uk/dissemination/viewFullDataset. do;jsessionid=zqGzR8CX0hh2WhLzqnHLh6GKBsqNYD19kNYPFXyCkSQjL4BBM092! 1701030348! 1362936375 650? instanceSelection=03070&productId=7. Last accessed 10/03/2013. 2. Dr. Ronghui Liu (2005). Dracula manual. ITS,LEEDS: Handouts. 1-147.

Free Essays on Macbeths Free Will

In Macbeth, the witches prophecies seem to negate Macbeth’s free will. However, at some instances, Macbeth willfully chooses evil over good. The witches prophesies that Macbeth will be thane of Cawdor and King of Scotland. The idea of being King of Scotland soon comes to rule Macbeth’s thoughts and life. He could just let fate happen, but instead he willingly takes fate into his own hands. Lady Macbeth talks her husband into killing Duncan, the King of Scotland. Macbeth could have said no, which he did at first, but eventually he gives in and consents. He murdered Duncan while he was sleeping in Macbeth’s own house. The next morning when the people find out, Macbeth has the guards killed, for not watching over the King very well. He knows that it’s not the guard’s faults, yet he willingly has them killed. He got Duncan out of his way and Malcolm flees to England, so no one is standing in the way, and Macbeth becomes King of Scotland. Later on in the play, Banquo and Fleance become suspicious of Macbeth. So Macbeth hires men to murder both Banquo and Fleance. Banquo is killed, but Fleance is able to escape. Once Banquo is out of the way, Macbeth finds out that Macduff has gone to England to find Malcolm. Malcolm is the rightful heir to the throne and if he comes back he could overthrow Macbeth. So now Macbeth has the murderers go to Macdu ff’s house. They kill Macduff’s wife, and sons, as well as anyone else in the house. Many people died because Macbeth chose evil over good. Macbeth did not have to kill anyone, or do anything to become King. If he had let fate happen, he eventually may have become King. This all started with the killing of Duncan and it progresses from there. Macbeths’ evil side comes out and he does kill anyone and everyone who gets in his way.... Free Essays on Macbeth's Free Will Free Essays on Macbeth's Free Will In Macbeth, the witches prophecies seem to negate Macbeth’s free will. However, at some instances, Macbeth willfully chooses evil over good. The witches prophesies that Macbeth will be thane of Cawdor and King of Scotland. The idea of being King of Scotland soon comes to rule Macbeth’s thoughts and life. He could just let fate happen, but instead he willingly takes fate into his own hands. Lady Macbeth talks her husband into killing Duncan, the King of Scotland. Macbeth could have said no, which he did at first, but eventually he gives in and consents. He murdered Duncan while he was sleeping in Macbeth’s own house. The next morning when the people find out, Macbeth has the guards killed, for not watching over the King very well. He knows that it’s not the guard’s faults, yet he willingly has them killed. He got Duncan out of his way and Malcolm flees to England, so no one is standing in the way, and Macbeth becomes King of Scotland. Later on in the play, Banquo and Fleance become suspicious of Macbeth. So Macbeth hires men to murder both Banquo and Fleance. Banquo is killed, but Fleance is able to escape. Once Banquo is out of the way, Macbeth finds out that Macduff has gone to England to find Malcolm. Malcolm is the rightful heir to the throne and if he comes back he could overthrow Macbeth. So now Macbeth has the murderers go to Macdu ff’s house. They kill Macduff’s wife, and sons, as well as anyone else in the house. Many people died because Macbeth chose evil over good. Macbeth did not have to kill anyone, or do anything to become King. If he had let fate happen, he eventually may have become King. This all started with the killing of Duncan and it progresses from there. Macbeths’ evil side comes out and he does kill anyone and everyone who gets in his way....

10 Facts about Human Rights as a Form of Imperialism for Controversial Essay

10 Facts about Human Rights as a Form of Imperialism for Controversial Essay If you need facts for your next paper on human rights as a form of imperialism, look at the ten below: Sierra Leone, West Africa has a high rate of female genital mutilation (FGM) cases about 80% to 90% of females.   In Sierra Leone, implied sexism, perceived human rights violations, and the resilience of FGM are common.   According to a World Health Organization report, approximately 100 to 140 million women and girls are currently facing the contentious issue of FGM globally. Researchers have observed various factors in respect of FGM in many parts of the world especially in third world nations. Women and young girls are the natural target population for sampling for completing this research.   Ninety-two millions of young girls would have gone through this practice at least by age 10 and above. The Western World perceives FGM as a human rights violation for women and children in various parts of Sub Saharan Africa, some areas of Asia and some Middle Eastern Communities.   Culturally, FGM is performed on children (infancy) and young girls where the aim is to change the female genital organs.   Health issues may arise during and after the procedure.   FGM is done at all ages of girls and women, however the younger a girl is, the less likely a struggle during the cutting. The Equity and Reconciliation Commission in Morocco ran into many problems throughout their investigations and research which they did their best to manage with pristine confidence. While they were backed by the King himself, thus encouraging people to cooperate, they still faced limited investigative powers and left many victims unsatisfied with the lack of accountability for perpetrators. The Equity and Reconciliation Commission in Morocco commission covered the expanse of 43 years’ worth of violations, abductions, forced imprisonment, and torture. They were only given but a year for reconciliation and in that time examined more than 22,000 applications for consideration while only discovering the fates of 742 cases. Using the best of their abilities, the limited timeframe in conjunction with the largest expanse of violations to be covered left many truths to be desired. Many of those cases still remain unresolved and the communal reparations, while underway, have yet to be completed. Many other reforms, such as conversions of former detention centers and legal reforms are still in beginning phases. In spite of the weaker aspects of the Equity and Reconciliation Commission in Morocco, many particular divisions of this establishment were a strong foot forward in the progression of truth commissions in terms of the development of a follow-up commission to ensure completion. Morocco, being the first to establish a truth commission in the Middle East and North Africa, had plenty of past truth commissions to examine and learn from, mainly taking positive aspects from Argentina and South Africa. The Chinese government had to hire a Western public relations firm to work on the 2009 Beijing Olympics because of the negative press which had been attributed to Chinese human rights’ violations and the large number of international organizations which were contributing sponsorship to the games including Adidas, Coca-Cola, and Lenovo. The companies received a lot of bad press and pressure internationally for working so distinctly with China in spite of the international hype against China. The road to the Olympics was very tricky for China whose games became extremely politicized. During the carrying of the torch, protests for Tibet continued to grab media attention. There was a lot of pressure on China to dedicate their efforts toward the situation in Darfur, then Tibet, drawing more international pressure from NGOs toward China’s external behaviours and their internal human rights conditions. China sought important public relations to respond to the international press and riots. Hiring a Western public relations firm was done to improve the public image of China, accelerate public diplomacy, and respond to the demand to improve human rights in Darfur in an effective and swift manner. The Western PR firm was there to help cultivate media attention toward the representative China established to work with African affairs and Sudan. Presently China makes up about 5 % of Coca-Cola’s annual revenue which makes it the 4th biggest consumer worldwide. China may be the second-biggest marketplace for Adidas. China may be the first in rank of profitability, with figures doubling to seven billion dollars between 2006 and 2007. These businesses would then be attracted in the spotlight because once attention was attracted to China and what the worldwide population was protesting for example human rights’ violations, the businesses that have been supporting China within their advertisements and media campaigns for those Olympic games would be also known as into question, thus forcing these to pressure China to create better political choices or pull from their support from the Olympic games. Machiavelli, influenced yet unhindered by Greek classics and the Bible, critiqued the idea of morality. He claimed that the duty of a Prince- or leader in present day- is to preserve his country while protecting his countrymen, no matter the risks or costs. Machiavelli believed that the main responsibility of a sufficient leader was to first preserve a country, being truthful, maintaining promises, and acting in such a way as to avoid harm to the state. This does not leave room for understanding or adhering to the theory of natural law. It would appear, by his definition, that state leaders would exude traditional concepts of virtue. However, the purpose of a ruler being conquering and preserving his state, he would commit wrongdoings in accordance with his duties as a leader. The leaders, by this interpretation, do not respect the natural laws or incorporate human rights or natural justice for citizens of any country but theirs. This supports civic duty, or a moral code for subjects and leaders which contradicts moral virtue or natural law. Machiavelli does not support moral character, but instead, the best actions for utilitarian needs of a state. In the time of great need, Machiavelli supports that virtu’ (the best actions for the state) outweighs virtue. At the start of the Cold War, Cuba nationalized all of the properties held by citizens of the U.S. as well as U.S. corporations which initiated an embargo against economic, commercial, and financial transactions. The purpose of the embargo was meant to limit any economic aid provided to Cuba in any capacity until Cuba agreed to move toward democracy and stop human rights violations. The Helms-Burton Act restricted any U.S. citizen from conducting business with Cuba or in Cuba. When this extended to ending foreign subsidiaries of the U.S. companies trading in Cuba it was meant to benefit the Cubans who were suffering at the will of the government. While the purpose of limiting the frequency of visits for Cubans in the U.S. to family in Cuba and simultaneously limiting the amount of money sent to family members was meant to hurt the Cuban economy in an attempt to encourage better respect for human rights and democracy, it inadvertently made those people suffer. Families who were relian t upon the financial assistance of members living in the U.S. were then made to suffer from a reduction of family visits and financial assistance. Aren’t these awesome? Hope they’ll help you with proper building your custom written essay. You may also check our set of 20 topics on human rights as a form of imperialism for a controversial essay as well as our guide for this type of paper. References: Deacon, Roger. Human Rights As Imperialism.  Theoria  50.102 (2003): 126-138. Web. Glacier, Osire, and ValeÃŒ rie Martin.  Universal Rights, Systemic Violations, And Cultural Relativism In Morocco. Print. GREGG, BENJAMIN. Anti-Imperialism: Generating Universal Human Rights Out Of Local Norms.Ratio Juris  23.3 (2010): 289-310. Web. Moore, Alexandra Schultheis, and Elizabeth Swanson Goldberg.  Teaching Human Rights In Literary And Cultural Studies. Print. Nader, Laura. Human Rights And Moral Imperialism: A Double-Edged Story.  Anthropology News47.6 (2006): 6-6. Web. Paupp, Terrence Edward.  The Future Of Global Relations. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. Print. Roa-de-la Carrera, CristiaÃŒ n AndreÃŒ s.  Histories Of Infamy. Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2005. Print. Saccarelli, Emanuele, and Latha Varadarajan.  Imperialism Past And Present. Print.

Bessie Coleman, African American Woman Pilot

Bessie Coleman, African American Woman Pilot Bessie Coleman, a stunt pilot, was a pioneer in aviation. She was the first African American woman with a pilots license, the first African American woman to fly a plane, and the first American with an international pilots license.   She lived from  January 26, 1892 (some sources give 1893)  to April 30, 1926 Early Life Bessie Coleman was born in Atlanta, Texas, in 1892, tenth of thirteen children. The family soon moved to a farm near Dallas. The family worked the land as sharecroppers, and Bessie Coleman worked in the cotton fields. Her father, George Coleman, moved to Indian Territory, Oklahoma, in 1901, where he had rights, based on having three Indian grandparents. His African American wife, Susan, with five of their children still at home, refused to go with him. She supported the children by picking cotton and taking in laundry and ironing. Susan, Bessie Colemans mother, encouraged her daughters education, though she was herself illiterate, and though Bessie had to miss school often to help in the cotton fields or to watch her younger siblings. After Bessie graduated from eighth grade with high marks, she was able to pay, with her own savings and some from her mother, for a semesters tuition at an industrial college in Oklahoma, Oklahoma Colored Agricultural and Normal University. When she dropped out of school after a semester, she returned home, working as a laundress. In 1915 or 1916 she moved to Chicago to stay with her two brothers who had already moved there. She went to beauty school, and became a manicurist, where she met many of the black elite of Chicago. Learning to Fly Bessie Coleman had read about the new field of aviation, and her interest was heightened when her brothers regaled her with tales of French women flying planes in World War I. She tried to enroll in aviation school, but was turned down. It was the same story with other schools where she applied. One of her contacts through her job as a manicurist was Robert S. Abbott, publisher of the Chicago Defender. He encouraged her to go to France to study flying there. She got a new position managing a chili restaurant to save money while studying French at the Berlitz school. She followed Abbotts advice, and, with funds from several sponsors including Abbott, left for France in 1920. In France, Bessie Coleman was accepted in a flying school, and received her pilots license- the first African American woman to do so. After two more months of study with a French pilot, she returned to New York in September, 1921. There, she was celebrated in the black press and was ignored by the mainstream press. Wanting to make her living as a pilot, Bessie Coleman returned to Europe for advanced training in acrobatic flying- stunt flying. She found that training in France, in the Netherlands, and in Germany. She returned to the United States in 1922. Bessie Coleman, Barnstorming Pilot That Labor Day weekend, Bessie Coleman flew in an air show on Long Island in New York, with Abbott and the Chicago Defender as sponsors. The event was held in honor of black veterans of World War I. She was billed as the worlds greatest woman flyer. Weeks later, she flew in a second show, this one in Chicago, where crowds lauded her stunt flying. From there she became a popular pilot at air shows around the United States. She announced her intent to start a flying school for African Americans, and began recruiting students for that future venture. She started a beauty shop in Florida to help raise funds. She also regularly lectured at schools and churches. Bessie Coleman landed a movie role in a film called Shadow and Sunshine, thinking it would help her promote her career.   She walked away when she realized that the depiction of her as a black woman would be as a stereotypical Uncle Tom. Those of her backers who were in the entertainment industry in turn walked away from supporting her career. In 1923, Bessie Coleman bought her own plane, a World War I surplus Army training plane. She crashed in the plane days later, on February 4, when the plane nose-dived. After a long recuperation from broken bones, and a longer struggle to find new backers, she finally was able to get some new bookings for her stunt flying. On Juneteenth (June 19) in 1924 , she flew in a Texas air show. She bought another plane- this one also an older model, a Curtiss JN-4, one that was low-priced enough that she could afford it. May Day in Jacksonville In April, 1926, Bessie Coleman was in Jacksonville, Florida, to prepare for a May Day Celebration sponsored by the local Negro Welfare League. On April 30, she and her mechanic went for a test flight, with the mechanic piloting the plane and Bessie in the other seat, with her seat belt unbuckled so that she could lean out and get a better view of the ground as she planned the next days stunts. A loose wrench got wedged in the open gear box, and the controls jammed. Bessie Coleman was thrown from the plane at 1,000 feet, and she died in the fall to the ground. The mechanic could not regain control, and the plane crashed and burned, killing the mechanic. After a well-attended memorial service in Jacksonville on May 2, Bessie Coleman was buried in Chicago. Another memorial service there drew crowds as well. Every April 30, African American aviators- men and women- fly in formation over Lincoln Cemetery in southwest Chicago (Blue Island) and drop flowers on Bessie Colemans grave. Legacy of Bessie Coleman Black flyers founded the Bessie Coleman Aero Clubs, right after her death. the Bessie Aviators organization was founded by black women pilots in 1975, open to women pilots of all races. In 1990, Chicago renamed a road near OHare International Airport for Bessie Coleman. That same year, Lambert - St. Louis International Airport unveiled a mural honoring Black Americans in Flight, including Bessie Coleman. In 1995, the U.S. Postal Service honored Bessie Coleman with a commemorative stamp. In October, 2002, Bessie Coleman was inducted into the National Womens Hall of Fame in New York. Also known as:  Queen Bess, Brave Bessie Background, Family: Mother: Susan Coleman, sharecropper, cotton picker and laundressFather: George Coleman, sharecropperSiblings: thirteen total; nine survived Education: Langston Industrial College, Oklahoma - one semester, 1910Ecole dAviation des Freres, France, 1920-22Beauty school in ChicagoBerlitz school, Chicago, French language, 1920

Case Study The Vermont Teddy Bear Co Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Study The Vermont Teddy Bear Co - Essay Example This study will carry out an environmental scanning basically to assess the elements having profound bearing on the Vermont Teddy Bear Co. Accordingly, a SWOT analysis has been conducted to identify the strategic factors (external and internal both) which will determine the future of the company (Wheelen, 2006, p. 9). While considering opportunities in external factors, on top of the list is the bear grams. Despite the huge toy market, Vermont Teddy Bear Company has remained a front runner in this field. As pointed out by the Wheelen and Hunger "Bear-Grams were personalized teddy bears that were delivered directly to recipients as gifts for holidays and special occasions. Bear-Grams were gift-boxed in unique containers complete with air holes for the bear"(2006, Case 22-9). This reflects the exclusivity and distinctiveness of the product. The second factor considered is the distribution method. After having experimented various methods, the company concluded that the direct marketing strategy of Bear-Grams was the most profitable. Methods of distribution used were the company owned retail stores, direct mail catalogs, and licensing and wholesale agreements. In order to expand its product line and cut costs, the company went into offshore sourcing.

Organisational learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organisational learning - Essay Example If one takes a look at the human civilization, one cannot help noticing that there are many characteristic features that it possesses. While some might suggest that such feature as ability to generate verbal interaction is what really defines the mankind, it is obvious that there are some characteristics that reflect the nature of the humans on a deeper level. The newcomers will be able to learn new from manuals or experienced employees. Another approach to knowledge states that it can be perceived as commodity. This can hardly be seen as an exaggeration since nowadays company are willing to invest into knowledge and some organisations even sell their knowledge or offer their help in producing it. Therefore, the view of knowledge as commodity is fully applicable to an organization. One should also keep in mind that there are two major types of knowledge: explicit and tacit (Collins, 2010). The former is the kind of knowledge that has been codified, written down and passed in different medium. The latter is the knowledge that is passed from an individual to an individual. These two kinds of knowledge are found in organisations. For example, the explicit knowledge can be found in different manuals and employees can easily access. In addition to that, tacit knowledge is provides by experienced individuals who are thought to represent the soul of the company. The explicit knowledge of a company may be copied, but not the tacit knowledge.

Friendship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Friendship - Essay Example It could be shared experiences – so, two mothers meet at an antenatal clinic. Both are pregnant, both have a toddler running around and craving attention. They look at each other and smile and a conversation begins. Next week there they are again and so it goes on. It could be a shared interest or hobby. A group is formed to create a community garden. They discuss things together, make plans, and work together. Then someone suggests a meal, or invites everyone to their home for a Christmas drink. The conversation turns to non-gardening subjects and again friendships already begun become more established. It can be an alliance in shared difficulties. Two little boys fight in the playground. They are taken to the head teacher’s office where both are disciplined. One finds himself defending the other: ‘It wasn’t really his fault.’ Once outside the office, grins are exchanged and two former enemies become allies against authority. It can be based upon a need to rely on each other as in two comrades fighting alongside each other, and depending upon teamwork for their survival. Some friendships are based on less than perfect motives. I think of two little girls being put next to each other in class. One has a pencil case full of sparkly pens, comical erasers and even a packet of sweets. The girl next to her suddenly decides to become friends. A poor reason to start a friendship, perhaps, but soon they really do become bosom friends. According to Kelly (n.d.), who is writing from a Christian point of view, true friendship can be identified by three aspects - it is morally helpful to both parties; there is a genuine basis of agreement between the parties and, thirdly, their mutual love is characterized by a spirit of self-sacrifice. He was speaking specifically about relationships between people of opposite sexes, but the principles hold for other types of friendships.

Globalization Impact on Iran Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Globalization Impact on Iran - Essay Example As the research stresses the main reason why Iran has recently started to experience the impact of globalization is emergence of modern social networks as well as its rapid economic growth. Despite the fact that globalization has both positive and negative effects, â€Å"the globalization trends in 1990s have affected most of the countries and Iran too has experienced the changing mood of the people†. As the paper declares in spite of different opinions of researchers about the impacts of the globalization process, the effect of this trend on the people’s life is beyond the measure. It worth mentioning that globalization process is a complex of different tenets, which includes such aspects as technological, economic, political, cultural, as well as social. It is hard to properly estimate, which one of those aspects is the most significant and has the biggest impact. The essence of the technological aspect of globalization consist of communication and transporting industries, development of such sciences as microelectronics and IT, etc. The vivid example of the influence of technological aspect of globalization on Iran is increasing popularity and usage of social media. They have facilitated the communication process inside as well as outside the country and contributed to the implementation of main tenets of democracy. Globalization has significantly influenced Iran’ s economic.

Material Selection & Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Material Selection & Design - Essay Example ors that may be mentioned, such as optical transparency, ability to retain optical characteristics, ability to be labeled easily and cheaply, aesthetics, and ease of cooling of the container (Callister, 2007, p. 10), but these properties are not the main focus of this report. The main purpose of this report is to provide a comparison of the cost and environmental impact analysis of three beverage container materials in the light of the factors mentioned. Through studies compiled by the Intel Corporation (Intel Corporation, n.d.) under their Design and Discovery program, shows the following statistics with regards to cost associated with these containers in terms of material and manufacturing: This world is our home, and only we can make it better or worse. As a materials engineer, it is not our duty to just focus on the material properties aspect of any choice of materials we make, but also consider the environmental impact of the decisions we make. It is observed that even though awareness campaigns focus on the utility of recycling and promoting that trend, a lot of the beverage containers make their way to landfills. Startlingly, more than twice the recycled amount is thrown away into the landfills (Container Recycling Institute, 2003-2010). This results in generation of toxic waste, greenhouse gases, waste water, and land destruction and occupation. Still, the recycled amount is large enough to suggest its benefits. Aluminum recycling can decrease 4.5lbs of carbon dioxide emission for every recycled pound due to the large carbon emissions during refining of aluminum from ores (Intel Corporation, n.d.). Plastics and glasses do not have that much of an impact on the carbon dioxide emission. Aluminum and plastics have their advantages over glass containers, thus making our discussion boil down to these two only. Beverage containers made out of plastics are cheaper than aluminum. But their recyclability is poor, both economically as well as scientifically.

Globalization Impact on Iran Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Globalization Impact on Iran - Essay Example As the research stresses the main reason why Iran has recently started to experience the impact of globalization is emergence of modern social networks as well as its rapid economic growth. Despite the fact that globalization has both positive and negative effects, â€Å"the globalization trends in 1990s have affected most of the countries and Iran too has experienced the changing mood of the people†. As the paper declares in spite of different opinions of researchers about the impacts of the globalization process, the effect of this trend on the people’s life is beyond the measure. It worth mentioning that globalization process is a complex of different tenets, which includes such aspects as technological, economic, political, cultural, as well as social. It is hard to properly estimate, which one of those aspects is the most significant and has the biggest impact. The essence of the technological aspect of globalization consist of communication and transporting industries, development of such sciences as microelectronics and IT, etc. The vivid example of the influence of technological aspect of globalization on Iran is increasing popularity and usage of social media. They have facilitated the communication process inside as well as outside the country and contributed to the implementation of main tenets of democracy. Globalization has significantly influenced Iran’ s economic.

Interrelationships between economic growth, unemployment and inflation Research Paper

Interrelationships between economic growth, unemployment and inflation - Research Paper Example There are four phases in the business cycle depending on which the effects on economic growth, inflation and unemployment change. During the period of a peak or a temporary maximum stage of the business cycle, the rate of inflation is high while the unemployment rate is low. During a recession that reflects on a decline in the total production, inflation lowers and rates of unemployment increase. Unemployment rises to a height or peal during the period of trough that refers to the bottom stage of the period of recession. This phase also reflects on lower rates of inflation. Recovery or expansion is the period when production increases again, and during this stage the rates of unemployment decline and after a certain period of time the inflation rate rises (Chapter 9- Business Cycles, Unemployment, Inflation). Inflation is such a phase that leads to increase in the costs of goods and services thereby affecting the entire economy of any country. The economy is never benefitted with ris ing inflation. However it has been obtained that governments in general often try to take suitable measures to minimize the effects of inflation, when they can study expected rising inflation in the economy. The growth in an economy and the rate of inflation move parallel and hence they cannot be expected to meet. The value of money reduces as a result of inflation thereby making the lives of people in any country difficult. The inflation and the growth in economy being inapt to each other affect different sectors of an economy that include the consumer price index, and the gross domestic product (Inflation and Economic Growth). Also, the effects of inflation and economic growth are found in...This research paper focuses on an analysis, comparison and contrast of economic growth, unemployment and inflation as associated with micro and macro economics of the world and in any individual country. Economic growth, unemployment and inflation are the factors of macroeconomics of any country. Economic growth refers to the capability of the economy of any country to turn out growing capacities of goods and services Economic performances of different countries vary at different points of time. The performance of an economy is best understood through the analysis of the indicators where economic growth, unemployment and inflation are included as major factors. A better economic state of a country may be realized if a higher percentage of its workforce is found to be doing well. In this regard, the quantity and quality of the jobs are significantly necessary to be considered. Unlike unemployment and inflation, the economic growth of a country is measured in terms of GDP or gross domestic product. It represents the total production that a country generates in a certain period of time, say a year. It can be calculated by summing up the total output, income or expenditure that occurs within a country in that particular time period. Real GDP represents the figure that has been obtained by adjustment for inflation. The percentage rise in output represents the nominal GDP through which the economic performance of a country may be determined. The association between growth in real GDP and unemployment is significant for policy makers.

Economics IA Commentary Coversheet Essay Example for Free

Economics IA Commentary Coversheet Essay November 11 2009 The unemployment rate stands at 7.8% up 0.1% over the quarter and 2.0% on last year. Nearly 29 million people were in work in the period July to September according to the labour force survey (LFS). The number of people employed was up by 6,000 this quarter but down by 490,000 on the last year. The working age employment rate is 72.5% down 0.1% on the last quarter and down 1.9% on the last year. ILO-defined unemployment in July to September was 2.46 million (7.9%) up by 30,000 unemployed on April-June and 629,000 from this time last year. The claimant count for key out-of-work benefits was 1.6395 million in October up by 22,900 on last month, and up 632,700 on last year. Earnings growth over the year to August (including bonuses) was 1.6%, down 0.2% from the previous month. Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, Yvette Cooper said: The figures show more people in work and a lot more young people taking up our offer of full time education and training, which is welcome news. The fact that unemployment is significantly lower than everyone forecast at the beginning of the year shows the support for the economy is making a real difference. But we know things are still tough for a lot of families, and unemployment is expected to increase further next year. Thats why were determined to do more with an extra 35,000 youth jobs, more apprenticeships and education places so we can guarantee no young person gets stuck in long term unemployment. The figures out today also reinforce the fact that the UK labour market is performing better than most major economies. They show UK unemployment at 7.8%, compared to an EU average of 9.2% and lower than 14 other EU countries including France (10.0%), Ireland (13.0%) and Spain (19.3%), as well as the US (10.2%) and Canada (8.6%). Commenting on the latest statistics, John Philpott, Chief Economist and Director of Public Policy at the CIPD, said: UK unemployment is continuing to rise but at a much slower pace than earlier in the year. While this is not unexpected the fact that the unemployment total remained below 2.5 million in the quarter ending in September is encouraging. However, the relative improvement should not be interpreted as evidence that the labour market is returning to health, with male unemployment and long-term unemployment continuing to rise and youth unemployment now at a record rate despite a surge in the number of young people staying on in education to avoid the dole. Unemployment remained below 2.5 million in the three months to September primarily because there was a rise in part-time employment, temporary employment and contract working, the latter boosting self-employment. This more than offset a continued marked deterioration in full-time jobs for employees. Such a pattern is common in a labour market where overall demand for staff is weak and as the Bank of England reiterated today in its latest quarterly Inflation Report the economic outlook uncertain, with the road to recovery likely to be slow. At such times employers who need to recruit remain wary of hiring full-time staff and it is significant that today’s ONS figures do not show an improvement in the level of job vacancies. This pattern is also normally accompanied by a high rate of involuntary part-time working there are now almost 1 million people working part-time because they can’t find a full-time job. Women continue to be the main beneficiaries of a labour market where opportunities for part-time employment are increasing, while men lose out as full-time jobs are being lost. As a result the CIPD expects the rate of male unemployment to rise well above 10% in 2010, with the proportion of men in work set to fall to a record low. The current pattern of demand for labour is also doing nothing to ease the plight of young people. The latest quarter saw a further large fall in the number of under-25s in work, with the unemployment rate for 18-24 year olds now at a record high. There is little consolation in the fact that the number of unemployed young people remained below 1 million. This is explained by a quarterly surge in the number of young people classed as ‘economically inactive’, which the ONS figures indicate is mainly due to more young people staying on at school or college, almost certainly as an alternative to the dole. This article deals with unemployment in the UK. A person can be considered unemployed when he is involuntarily out of work, however is willing to work at current wage rates. One of the government’s main goals is to achieve full employment, where all people who are able and willing, are working. This is extremely beneficial for the economy because it can be considered working at maximum efficiency, which causes growth and development. A good way to illustrate a countries economy taking into account unemployment would be to use a PPF. The production possibility frontier is the orange line where the economy is working at full efficiency (full employment), using all of its resources. Point X is when the economy is not using all of its resources, and has people unemployed. http://i.investopedia.com/inv/dictionary/terms/ppf.gif Structural unemployment is a possible reason for the large decrease of workers. This specific type of unemployment focuses mainly on the loss of jobs under the condition that the demand for a certain product falls, or there is a shift of production abroad. In the category of disequilibrium unemployment, Demand deficient (Cyclical) Unemployment is most likely the number one cause for the UKs labour force being downsized. Due to the global recession, consumers can afford less goods and services, therefore the aggregate demand decreases significantly (hence the name – demand deficient). If the demand for production has substantially fallen, then naturally the demand for labour will also fall. Demand deficient unemployment can be illustrated using a diagram. Due to the fall in the D of goods and services, demand for labour shifts inwards from D1 to D2. With this, disequilibrium unemployment occurs with the number of workers shifting from Q1 to Q2. When demand for labour is strong, companies don’t hesitate to rise wages, although when demand for labour falls, and wages need to be cut, workers will resist wage cuts, therefore it is very hard for the company to cut wages for a large amount of workers without causing some kind disturbance or complications within the firm. If the company does chose to do this, the labour force will become angry and will want to retaliate somehow, perhaps going on strike. Due to a situation like this, parts of the company will not be producing/working, resulting in inefficiency. Aside from that, it will be very hectic, attracting negative attention from consumers and media, which is of course the company’s last need. In conclusion, the company will not be in control, when this is in fact their main priority, to sustain the stability and optimal working functionality. That is why the company prefers to downsize workers, and keep themselves running as best and as efficiently as possible. In order to deal with demand deficient unemployment the government should impose fiscalor monetary policies to raise aggregate demand and thus raise the demand for jobs. In the short run, when the AD shifts to the right (from AD1 to AD2) this causes and increase in real GDP (shift from Q1 to Q2 and P1 to P2). If AD would continue to grow in the short run, the country would reach a maximum supply. This constant struggle for the country to meet AD by increasing output would cause inflation instead of growth. However if the pressure is relatively small in the SR (short run) then it would be much easier to deal with AD in the LR. Supply side policies are government policies designed to increase output, and should also be imposed in order to cope with unemployment. Using a LRAS (long run aggregate supply) diagram is a good way to show the effects of supply side policies. If the Government were to impose supply side policies, the LRAS curve would shift right from LRAS1 – LRAS2. The price would then fall from P1 to P2 and the quantity (output + jobs) would increase from Q1 to Q2. Conclusivley the Government should investigate the best strategy to decrease unemployment. By imposing appropriate regulations and policies.

A Look At Spirituality And Health

A Look At Spirituality And Health Spirituality and health are two fields that are closely related but peoples in a way such that ones spirituality in some ways will tend to affect their healths welfare. Some medical facts have shown that holy or spiritual people show fewer human destructive behaviors such as taking of alcohol, committing suicide or drug abuse. They suffer less stress and always live comfortably. Most of the religious practices actually make one feel relaxed and cheerful. This may entail singing and sharing spiritual ideas with others. This subsequently reduces the chances of one acquiring stress related ailments hence an improved health (Mieler, 2005). Majoring on a clinical context, particular psychologists pioneered some work in the area of psychology and spirituality. One of them who goes by the name Alfred Adler formerly studied medicine and supported the allegations that a religious belief system normally supports a healthy life style that may result to healthy outcomes referring to the clinical context. Adlers Psychology strives for the holistic outcomes. Consequently this develops a kind of life-style that tends to reinforce a healthy relationship. These given relationships will then promote a good health referring to the clinical context for both the care giver and the patient. To most people spirituality is believed to be powerful and an important source of strength. This is because when they are faced with tough situations in their life such as health problems, their beliefs in God and practices assist them to overcome spirit of helplessness. This will eventually leads to achieving a sense of control. Spirituality can improves the medical state of human being.   Some patients in hospital from religious background mostly recover faster from their mental disorder compared to those who are not religious. Religious people are always hopeful hence are good in dealing with various challenges they face in life no matter how stressing they are. Unspiritual people most of the times give up very fast hence they may end up committing suicide. Most spiritual families are good in bringing up children healthier ways compared to unspiritual families. Most parents who are unspiritual engage their children in irresponsible behaviors such as taking alcohol. Taking of alcohol affect peoples health since it causes some liver disorders for instance liver cirrhosis that may end up costing them their lives. Many people who are unspiritual are fond of taking toxic substances such cigarette which contains chemical called nicotine. Spiritual people avoid taking of substances such as alcohol and cigarette hence they have a healthier life. Once spiritual people are role models of young people in the society they will copy them and therefore stay free from diseases brought about by of toxic substances.   Also young religious people dont involve themselves in irresponsible sexual behaviors such as fornication hence they cant get some sexual associated diseases such HIV/AIDS that may affect their health negatively. Staying healthy is very important all human beings.   Good health helps in staying fit and avoid some diseases and sicknesses. Healthy people are usually active and are able to carry out their daily activities. Health does not only increase youth body performance but still increases confidence.   Healthy people increase their mental activities and are able to grasp things very fast since they develop a good wit. Staying healthy makes people to complete their duties in place of work and their goals in life. Maintaining good health keeps one away from psychological problems such as stress. It also reduces chances of being depressed by small things in life. Good healthy increases self-esteems. Taking alcohol and cigarette can cause ill healthy which can expose one to some psychological torture, but quitting this can promote your healthy. Healthier people live longer since all their organs are functioning properly. Spirituality and health are related in various way, as mentioned above those people who are spiritual are likely to cope with various situations in their life that can pose a threat to their health. Spiritual people share various things in common such as positive beliefs; strength and comfort gained from their religion, prayers and meditation play a great role in healing and sense of well being. Spiritual health mighty not cure illness, but it may help one feel better, prevent various health problems and help one to cope with sickness and stress hence improve human health.   Religious practices reduce cases of blood pressure, improve mood, reduces the healing period and improved blood circulation are various benefits that one is exposed to due to religious practices. Staying healthy requires one to be committed in taking good food and doing various exercises so as to stay fit. Taking balance diet is one way of keeping your body healthy. Exercise for instance running and jogging help in burning excess fat that can cause blockage of arteries and cause heart failure and stroke. It is also recommendable to consult a physician for proper dietary recommendations. Staying free from various drugs such as bhang and nicotine can still improve healthy.   One chief purpose of Christian in life is to promote and grow spiritually each day so as to reflect love and righteousness of God in their life and that of the whole community. There are various methods that can be used to promote spirituality for instance praying. Concern for others is a vital part of Christian life; one should keep on praying for them. Some prayer items should include praying for good health, marital problems and other challenges that face them in life.   Another method of promoting spirituality is by reading scripture. This can be achieved through exercising topical bible study in which one write down topics to study within a particular week.   While prayer and bible study are essential exercise, one should not forget to attend services in the church and fellowship with other Christians. Sharing witnesses or testimonies, encouraging each other and preaching to one another can also be used to promote spirituality.   Furthermore it is important to find opportunities to serve others and influence them with Gods love and holiness. These include visiting orphans or mentally handicapped people. Charity walks and doing volunteer work can also be used to promote spirituality among Christians. Most Christians promote their spirituality through repenting daily of their sinful ways and make a change for better. They should always focus to be surrounded by positivity and abandon negativity in their life. Reading inspirational books, meditation of Gods word, obeying Christ by doing as he commands and allowing their spirit grows through learning more of his truth can also be methods of promoting spirituality  (Orchard, 2001). Many medical schools have included spiritual teaching in their curricula. However, the role that a doctor should play in guiding and assisting patients in spiritual matter remains a controversial. Although there appear to be growing belief in connection between spirituality and health, scientists in this field feels that a research should be carried out to determine this connection, a better understanding where there is this connection, and how it works.

Stereotypes of the Russian Home at the 1851 Great Exhibition in Paris E

Russian House Since the 1851 Great Exhibition, world's fairs have always attempted to celebrate cultural diversity. In pavilions, participating countries promoted their natural resources and industrial products, while celebrating their national identity. However, not all cultures could be accurately portrayed. These exhibits did not prevent negative stereotypes about other people's cultures for persisting. Stereotyping almost became an art form, and was particularly apparent at the 1889 World's Fair in Paris, where specific buildings were built to exemplify architectural stereotypes of different countries. As part of an exhibition called L'Histoire de L'Habitation Humaine or History of Human Habitation, which was the creation of architect Charles Garnier. Many of these small structures related to remote and "exotic" locations around the world. One of the countries that received the exotic treatment was Russia, despite this country's political power. Charles Garnier was born in 1825 and studied architecture at the Paris Ecole des Beaux-Arts. After he was awarded the Grand Prix de Rome in 1848, he went to study architecture in Italy. In 1860, Garnier won the competition for the new Paris Opera House, which was not completed until 1875 and remains his most important commission. His other works include villas he built in Bordighera, Italy, an Observatory in Nice, the Cercle de la Librairie in Paris, and many very famous works in Monte Carlo, including a casino resort. Charles Garnier was also a self-appointed expert in world cultures and their architecture. Thanks to the fame he had acquired at the Paris Opera House, he was asked by the fair commission to design "foreign" buildings for the World's Fair in 1889. Later in 18... ...built by Garnier in for the World's Fair were a resounding success. Bibliography Chandler,Arthur."Revolution." http://charon.sfsu.edu/PARISEXPOSITIONS/1889EXPO.html World's Fair magazine. 1986 revised 2000. Doumato, Lamia. Charles Garnier, 1825-1898 Vance Bibliographies. Monticello, Ill. 1988. Garnier, Charles, "La Maison Russe," L'Habitation Humaine. Paris, Hachette 1892, 701-710 Jourdain, Frantz. Exposition universelle de 1889. Constructions à ©levà ©es au Champ de Mars par M.. Ch. Garnier... pour servir à   l'histoire de l'habitation humaine. J. W. Bouton, New York. 1892. Mead, Christopher Curtis. Charles Garnier's Paris Opà ©ra : architectural empathy and the renaissance of French classicism. MIT Press. Cambridge Mass. 1991. Vernes, Michel. "La leà §on d'architecture de Monsieur Garnier." Architecture intà ©rieure crà ©Ãƒ ©. 249, August-September1992, 38-45.

Cheltham prison was a medium security prison

There was a cold chill in the air as keys jangled in the distance. ‘Lights out!' shouted a voice from the end of the corridor. ‘How did I end up in here?' James thought to himself. As the cells descended into darkness. ‘I had a good education and I blew it all for a group of people.' Cheltham prison was a medium security prison. It housed around seven hundred inmates. The offences committed by the inmates varied from traffic penalties to common burglary. James Henderson was one of many at the prison. ‘I could have had such a good life. Good job, nice car, big house and a family, but I don't and its all my fault.' When James was fifteen he had problems at home because of this he got in to a bad crowd. ‘I lost everything thanks to these people.' James had become friends with typical young hooligans he started using drugs, going to pubs and just generally getting into trouble. ‘Wednesday nights were the worst; we couldn't go to the pub. So we just hung around the streets.' One man, Martin Walsh, controlled the group of about six. Martin was only sixteen but had already been in trouble with the police three times. It was on Wednesday night that Martin came up with the idea of going to the local park. ‘That's when the real trouble started.' We were bored with nothing to do so†¦' a voice broke James's thoughts. ‘Quieten down, this isn't a place to socialise.' ‘†¦We broke all the play equipment.' It had been Martins smart idea to vandalise everything. ‘We were all too scared of him to refuse, so we just did it. The playground was decimated by the time we had finished. Martin stood back to admire his work; I can still remember his words,' ‘Well done everyone same time next week!' Martin said proudly. Martin wasn't kidding. Within a month the group had destroyed four public play areas and three school playgrounds. Nobody had stood up to Martin. By this time the police had been involved, but still no one knew it was Martin. ‘I remember the exact day Martin got found out. We had met, like we always did, on a Wednesday night. Martin wasn't himself; he was angry, violent.' ‘The police have been to see me.' Martin growled ‘they know about the playgrounds. How do they know? Who told them? Come on own up' No one did. Although Martin had an idea, a small boy name Chris was his target. Chris was a gifted boy, he didn't agree with Martin's ways but was a friend though fear. ‘Martin took it out on Chris. Punching, kicking. No one stood up to him. After that night we never saw Chris again.' ‘As time went on and our crimes got worse I started to see how I had wasted my life.' James and the group, still lead by Martin, had started stealing. At first it was just sweets then CDs, clothes, CD players, TVs if it wasn't bolted to the floor Martin would steal it. ‘ I could handle stealing small but TVs CD players that had gone to far. Stealing a CD player was when I first got caught.' ‘A local shop Tim's TVs was my target on that particular day. It was a small family business easy to steal from, so I thought.' ‘It was a Saturday morning and the shop was rather busy, that surprised me, I had stolen many times before so I just walked in. I must have looked suspicious from the start, but they didn't let on. I walked around for a while. When I got to the CD players, I checked to see if anyone was around, no one was, so I just put it in my coat. I was so calm as I reached for the door handle but just at that seconded a hand reached out and grabbed my arm, id been caught.' The police were called and as it was James's first offence he got away with a strong warning. The next time the group met Martin was pleased. ‘James well done for your efforts and the way you handled the police. I have a task for you' Martin beamed at James. James knew it was a bad idea but was too afraid to argue. The next night James met Martin. ‘You've proved yourself as a good friend James.' Martin started walking down the street. ‘I had no idea what to do, so I just followed Martin. Bad choice.' The next ten minutes were all a blur to James. ‘The next thing I knew I was sitting in a car, driving really fast. I started to shout at Martin to let me out.' ‘What's gotten into you Henderson, you were all for it a minute ago.' Martin screamed. ‘Just let me out!' I screamed back. Martin stopped the car and James got out. ‘You aren't who I thought you were James, don't let me see your face again.' With that martin was gone. James was left to walk home. ‘It was cold and dark, I suddenly realised what had happened, id been involved in a grand theft auto. I was as horrific as Martin. I had wasted a good education to become a common criminal.' It had been two years since James met Martin; it had been a roller coaster of vandalism and embezzlement. James had no future. That wasn't the end of Martin. The police had caught him. Martin had told the police about James's involvement. The police paid James a visit the next day. ‘It was terrible; the look of disappointment on my parents faces. They had no idea. Both Martin and I were called into court on grand theft auto. The judge was harsh. To set an example he said, a jail sentence and community service.' So James isn't the only one in prison. ‘Martins in here too.' A voice disrupts James thoughts. ‘James shifts over.' The voice bellowed from the darkness. ‘No, Martins in here all right. On a jail sentence. The only difference is at least community service lets me go home at night,' ‘Thanks mate. I'll see you tomorrow.' With that James was gone.

Align Technology. Inc Essay

Who is the member for traditional braces market and for Invisalign? Answer Members for Invisalign’s Braces Market * Customers The patient marks the beginning and end of the channel flow in the Invisalign process, seeking a service for malocclusion treatment from their orthodontist. Customers of Invisalign are incentivized by the nearly invisible look, removable while eating ease, and hygiene of the aligners. * Orthodontists As for the customer, the orthodontist determines whether or not Invisalign is the appropriate solution. If suitable, the orthodontist will proceed with  photographs, X-rays, impressions of dental arches, a wax bite and an Invisalign prescription for the patient. This information is then sent to the next channel member in Santa Clara for processing. The orthodontist also has to make adjustments and corrections to the proposal after they are created in Pakistan. * Invisalign The Santa Clara headquarters serves as central point between all channel members. Once Invisalign receives the patient’s information from the orthodontist, employees analyzes the data and constructs plaster and computer models of the current dentition. When completed, this model is forwarded to Pakistan for analysis. * Software Developers The patient’s treatment plan is designed in Pakistan, which entails simulated tooth movements for each of the two weeks for the entire treatment process. Once approved by Invisalign and the orthodontist, these molds are then outsourced to the next channel in Mexico for production. * Manufacturers (Mexico) Aligners are created from the molds received. They are trimmed, cleaned, polished and inspected before they are shipped directly to the orthodontist, which then forwards to the end customer. Members for Traditional Braces Market * Customer Similar to Invisalign, the customer or patient starts and ends the channel flow in the traditional braces process. The patient may either inquire or be referred by their dentist to seek treatment. * Dentist The patient visits their general dentist and if malocclusion is diagnosed, a referral is made to an orthodontist. * Orthodontists In the initial visit with the orthodontist, X-rays, photographs and dental moldings are collected from the patient. A treatment plan is created and in the next visit, brackets are cemented to each tooth and linked with an arch wire. Question No 4 Are there any gaps in the channel? Are channel members performing functions that Invisalign intends them to do? If not, then Why? Answer Demand-Side Gaps * Capturing the Existing Market This is a bit unexpected, considering the many compelling advantages the product itself has over traditional braces. May be the gap exists because of deficiency in customer mental satisfaction level or due to the lack of awareness and trust on Align systems. * Capturing the Potential market Indeed, only a relatively small proportion of this potential population seeks treatment because of the drawbacks associated with conventional treatment, but Invisalign’s process overcomes many of these shortcomings. This gap might be attributed to the orthodontists and the media advertisement, which is focused on raising awareness, and describes advantages over the conventional method (instead of brand benefits). Supply-Side Gaps * Delivery Incentives A possible gap in the delivery of the offering may shoot from the underlying economic incentive for orthodontists. So short of the orthodontists possessing very high brand loyalty or customers specifically requesting the Invisalign treatment, the promotion to customers breaks down here. In addition, the ClinCheck simulation takes 3-4 weeks to complete. They may find a way to give incentive to Pakistan to turn around the simulations faster to cut down on production time. * Production Process Time Invisalign has essentially inserted itself right in the middle of the traditional treatment process. Also, the procedure is entirely customized to each patient. These two facts combined create a longer supply chain that is subject to slow down the production. The Invisalign process includes three centers. The entire process took up to six weeks. Question No 5 Are channel power sources affecting Invisalign’s success? If so, then how? Answer * Orthodontists Perhaps the greatest power source affecting Invisalign’s success is the  orthodontist. An orthodontist stands in between Align and the patient and exercise the power of his expertise. The two customer segments (health conscious and beauty conscious) value their orthodontist’s opinion. That’s why orthodontists have higher profit margins as compared to Invisalign. * Dentists Invisalign have given â€Å"exclusive† distribution rights to orthodontists. So, they have more power. Dentists are mostly the intermediaries who refer the patients to orthodontists and then orthodontists refer patients to Align Corporation for Invisalign systems. The power of Dentists may be limited or actually they are the intermediaries who are performing the role of referrals. When they feel unsatisfied or their profit margins decrease, they also try to reduce the profit margins of Align Corporation by not referring the patients to orthodontists. * Sales Force Invisalign’s sales force uses an exhausting structure. They are not giving the incentives to their sales force. The company is relying more on doctors, dentists, website and orthodontists instead of their sales force. The sales force is unmotivated and that’s why they are affecting Invisalign’s success. * Patients Patient conformity affects Invisalign’s success because of the high degree of participation required for treatment as aligners were removable at the patient’s discretion. Some orthodontists did not like being associated with a treatment that could fail from no doing of their own. Therefore, patients show a sort of power–doctors did not want to be â€Å"associated† with them. Question No 6 What would you do to complete conversion? Answer We propose that Invisalign’s offering is closer to the growth stage in the product life cycle than it is to the introduction stage. Marketing channels should change as the product moves along in its cycle. We suggest that dentists must administer the full process. Other suggestions are given below which if the company adopts in future then definitely the profitability and  customer base will increase in the near future and the profit margins of all intermediaries will be maximized. * Intensive distribution Align should move from selective distribution to intensive. The increased number of retailers (dentists and orthodontists) makes it easier and more likely for patients to receive treatment (enhance spatial convenience). The increased distribution should drive prices down as retailers compete for customers. * Better Incentives Dentists are incentivized by volume of patients and perform non-specialized tasks that require less treatment, all opposite of the orthodontists. This match brilliantly with the Align’s offering. In fact, some of the characteristics seen as unattractive from the orthodontists would be viewed as benefits for dentists. * Target Customers The offering can be adjusted to match the needs and wants of the various segments of customers. Each patient segment (prior use, beauty and health conscious) has different preferences and a varied tendency to buy, as would the retailers (dentists and orthodontists). The other side to this is Align can â€Å"fire† bad orthodontists * Brand Benefits Because brand awareness is achieved (80 percent), advertisement should shift focus from aesthetic advantages over the traditional system to brand benefits. The existing approach targets the existing market. They must position their product on the basis of brand benefits and try to ensure the targeted customers that Invisalign is the best suitable solution. References http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/distribution.html http://www.businessihub.com/the-role-of-marketing-channels/ http://teamjaker.wikispaces.com/Invisalign

Bitter Strawberries Essay

In life we must savor the sweet and endure the bitter challenges, when it comes to accommodating to a perilous situation. An ongoing war on terror is exacting a heavy emotional toll on families and other individuals that are in danger due to being surrounded by an atrocious environment that involves war. The life of apprehensive individuals has never been an easy one to live, with frequent upheavals of the individual’s and very little sense of control over their lives. Perpetually living around brutality, destruction, and violence links individual’s into obtaining bundles of emotions to a certain extent.From a psychoanalytic point-of-view, war affects society in a way that is painful; the war engenders a deep effect on other individual’s lives as well as their perceptions and obtained views from the devastating experience of the surrounded environment fulfilled with hatred, mischievousness, and depravity. As war increases in brutality to a certain extent, society ’s aspects are intensely affected;this issue can result in the destroying of land, culture, and other tangible aspects.A poem, â€Å"Bitter Strawberries†, written by Sylvia Plath, is a sardonic way of describing a war that have occurred in Russia. While this piece offers little insight into human nature, it portrays some solid images, even though disconnected and often jarring. â€Å"All morning in the strawberry field†: the speaker sets the scene by distinguishing herself and one or more companions from the women who are talking â€Å"about the Russians. †; one particular word that stood out the most within the first two lines was â€Å"the Russians. This specific clue can enhance an individual’s interpretation and observation of the hidden message within the poem. In history Russia was known for its dangerous, malicious war and obtaining the characteristic of being destructive of society, so this particular clue could be conveyed within the mess age as of being the poem’s topic of an atrocious war occurring that is gradually destroying the environment as well as many inhabitants sweet side of life, which turns into complete bitterness. Horseflies buzzed, paused and stung and the taste of strawberries turned thick and sour. † Why did the taste of strawberries â€Å"turned thick and sour? † Had they tasted thin and sweet before the horseflies stung or perhaps before the subject of the Soviet-American Cold War relations had been broached? The disconnect between the horseflies and the taste of berries is jarring and obstructs any real meaning of and purpose for this three-line versagraph. Certain literary devices were used to convey the meaning of the poem, by catching the reader’s interest.One of the devices that were used in this particular poem was â€Å"Symbolism. †The literary poem contains symbolism because the bitter strawberries displays the overall mood of the Russian society as a whol e. Strawberries are sweet but can lead to bitterness which portrays the atmosphere of the war. The world of Russia was tranquilent and quiet, but when the war occurred it led to bitterness and despair. Imagery was contained in the poem when it states that â€Å"the horseflies buzzed, paused, and stung. Stung is a feeling that was obtained from other’s in society as if they were actually stung by an insect ,but it was a feeling of pain obtained by the negative atmosphere of war; Sylvia uses horseflies sting as a way of comparing the inflicting pain of an insect to an actual emotion that were felt by others in the poem. â€Å"She stood up a thin commanding figure, in faded dungarees. Businesslike she asked us, ‘How many quarts? ’ She recorded the total in her notebook, and we all turned back to picking. † By this point the reader is wondering when the point of it all will be made and how the speaker will tie all the loose ends together.The last stanza: â₠¬Å"Kneeling over the rows, we reached among the leaves with quick practiced hands, cupping the berry protectively before snapping off the stem between thumb and forefinger. † The reader will experience a profound disappointment expecting the final stanza to save this piece. Instead of offering anything near a resolution, the speaker simply describes the act of picking strawberries. The emotion behind the country’s bitterness of fighting another country automatically affects society’s sweetness and joy being drained into a pool of woe, sorrow, and despair.Since a war is occurring between two opposing forces, the countries may not like each other due to a different religious beliefs, race,etc. From a Feminist point-of-view the bitter strawberries represents the sweet females that have been tortured and dominated by the men of their Russian society as a way of practicing their religious belief; the women may feel beaten down and helpless to a certain extent, which l eads them to feeling unwanted, worthless, and the abuse turns them into a bitter human being, because no man have appreciated their sweet characteristic.From a Psychoanalytic point-of-view, the individual within the poem signifies the bitter strawberries as a way of comparing his/her attempted mistakes, cruel life, and harsh treatments from others. Experiencing something that is imposed as being dangerous to society can carry the process of gained perceptions or views of the experience. Emotions are portrayed among this topic because in order to sense the world and observe every negative/positive aspect, some feeling has to occur to make these assumptions upon a life experience.To a certain extent war does affect a person’s views and perceptions obtained from a point-of-view to a life situation because if the effect is characterized as being bad, then the individual will build some form of hatred against every common piece of life that involves other countries;therefore the m orals and ethics behind the perceptions are transformed into a new state of mind.The little girl with blue eyes was fulfilled with a terror emotion because of the nefarious environment that she was surrounded by; this prime example represents the title above, the sweet girl that is filled with sweetness concludes at the end of the poem with a bitterness feeling because of fear. Until one have experienced this anguished situation, he/she does not know how it feels to automatically lose the sweetness of life to the cold, crucial life of bitterness.