The Issue Of Global Warming - 1427 Words

Most Americans would agree that global warming is a real threat to our planet, and that implementing alternative energy sources is a major step to combating the effects of it. Yet, only 4% of American homeowners have residential solar panels installed, and only 40% have even considered the option (6). It is a widespread myth that solar panels are only for the rich, and should be considered a luxury. While It turns out that solar panels have become increasingly affordable for the middle class over the past decade, with the White House announcing several policies to ensure so (2). And if solar panels are not the right choice for you due to living space or economic position, there are other alternative energy systems out there worth†¦show more content†¦There were also some specific decisions that I made regarding the aesthetic design of the brochure. When it came to color I chose bright eye-catching colors that will make my brochure stand out from others on a large display. Th ere is a lot of green on the brochure for the obvious symbolism of being eco-friendly. Another touch that I added was putting in bold and increased font size the potential money to be saved by any of the given systems, to grab the attention of viewers. In the research I did prior to creating my product I read a lot about the current state of the alternative energy switch in America, and why it seems to of stalled. I think every homeowner should know of this information and understand why it is important that we keep pushing forward these new energy systems, and that’s why it’s the first thing I discuss on my brochure. From the very beginning when global warming was first becoming a national discussion, goals were set for renewable energy sources. Such as Al Gore’s 100% renewable electricity by 2020 target (5). As America gets closer to these deadlines and realizes that we are nowhere close to reaching our goals it is quite disheartening, and this has caused a sl ump in the energy switch. The blame has to be partially put on those who created the unrealistic goals in the first place. â€Å"It s taken between 50 and 70 years for a resource to reach a large penetration. When you look at the money,Show MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Global Warming1338 Words   |  6 Pagesyears, the controversial issue of global warming has been primarily brought to the attention of the public. Global warming is generally assumed to be the main cause of rising average global temperature. The climate on the Earth is changing and there is no big surprise. It is believed that global warming is caused by many natural and manmade activities, which is affecting the planet by the seconds, minutes, hours, days, and years. Many may not even care about this serious issue, but others harm for theRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Warming1652 Words   |  7 PagesWhen the issue of global warming comes up in conversations, people usually groan and avoid conversation, and many roll up their sleeves and prepare for a heated debate. Some people feel culpable and concerned; others simply do not care. There exist many contrasting viewpoints which yield very distinctive stances on the subject. While many people may claim disregard on the issue, the media has broadcasted substantial data showing gradual rise in global temperature and the topic has been discussedRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Warming1605 Words   |  7 PagesThe issue of global warming is controversial and there are people claiming that global warming is only a fiction instead of a fact. However, research from scientists found that at the beginning of 2000, unprecedented warming was recorded and the Arctic ice has melted to the lowest levels in the recorded history. Moreover, the sea level has also risen by eight inches since 1870 (â€Å"The Scientific Truth about Climate Change†). Although natural forcing mechanisms alone cannot explain the formation ofRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Warming1504 Wo rds   |  7 Pagesaffecting you all. It’s about global warming. This issue will more than likely take away from everyone in the end, or at least humanity’s efforts to be a greater civilization, if you don’t take care of it. My question is, why aren’t you? For billions of years your Earth withstood countless hardships and has since lived among the cosmos, but now it’s going to be intoxicated and fall ill in a manner of hundreds of years, because of you? Global warming is the issue of the earth warming up due to man’s technologicalRead MoreGlobal Warming and its Issues1198 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Global warming is perhaps one of the most urgent and complicated global issues we face today. While there are those who dispute the very nature as well as causes of the global warming phenomenon, available data clearly indicates that the planet is becoming warmer. This text revisits the issue of global warming. In so doing, compelling evidence will be presented in an attempt to prove that the global warming phenomenon is indeed real. Global Warming: An Overview In simple terms, global warmingRead MoreGlobal Warming Issues1504 Words   |  7 PagesIn late 2012, the Wall Street Journal published an article written and supported by sixteen scientists called, â€Å"No Need to Panic About Global Warming.† The article’s main argument claimed mainstream climate experts were wrong about the effect greater carbon dioxide levels had on the environment as well as the threat global warming posed to society. The contrarian scientists attempted to refute mainstream scientific findings that carbon dioxide levels were rising rapidly throughout the past decadeRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Warming1185 Words   |  5 PagesProblems and History The issue of global warming should be on the list of our top priorities. Studies show that the average of global temperatures have risen since the Industrial Revolution began. Since the Industrial Revolution, human emissions has quadrupled the frequency of certain heat extremes and many scientists have warned that a failure to bring greenhouse gases under control could eventually lead to a 62-fold increase in extreme heat blasts (Gillis Justin A17). Most of the increase is dueRead MoreGlobal Warming Is A Global Issue Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesIn the recent years, global warming has taken an increasingly prominent role in the international society. Today, the great debate over the existence of global warming is over; almost everyone believes that global warming is a real issue that must be addressed. The world is now at the step in which it must take action to combat climate change. In the push to do this, many countries report their carbon emissions. However, in reporting our carbon emissions, many people are jumping to conclusions byRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Warming941 Words   |  4 Pagesthat of global warming. So far, I seem to want to change my thesis everyday; but this is how it stands for the moment. Americans need to work together as well as with other nations to take immediate action to reduce our environmental footprint in efforts to reverse or cease global warming. I feel this thesis clearly states my position, as well as the point of the paper. I still want to play around with the wording, especially at the end of it. I feel that global warming is a serious issue that shouldRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Warming978 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause of global warming, yet there are some who ignore it and there are some who even deny the plausibility of global warming. An article written in 2016 from LiveScience.org proves the Earths temperature has been increasing at an average of 1.35 degree’s Celsius per year. This slight change is dra stic for northern territories. Countries such as Greenland have reached temperatures they haven’t reached for thousands of years since humans first began walking the planet. Global warming is caused from

The Lesson By Toni Cade Bambara And The Stolen Party

In today’s world people is judged on his or her looks, what car they drive, the house they live in and plenty more. The way people treat one another is based on social and economic status in the world and that clearly happens in the stories â€Å"The Lesson† by Toni Cade Bambara and â€Å"The Stolen Party† by Liliana Heker. The main characters in the stories, Sylvia and Rosaura both experience social judgment in different scenarios. Towards the end of the â€Å"The Stolen Party,† Rosaura finds out that she is not invited to Luciana’s party as a guest but as the maid’s daughter. She realizes that Senora Ines asks her for her help most of the day to pass out food and help in kitchen as an obligation, not a favor. The fact that she is able to participate in the magic show and see the monkey in the kitchen blinds her to ever noticing she is basically doing her mother’s job. In the story â€Å"The Lesson,† Sylvia makes a 360-degree change. She goes from being a misbehaving, shy child to someone that learns the real problems in the world after a day with Miss Moore. After walking into a store, and looking at absurd prices for a handcrafted sailboat and a paper weight, Sylvia realizes †¦ people began to stare and Sylvia feels the social injustice. Miss Moore says, â€Å"Imagine for a minute what kind of society it is in which some people can spend on a toy what it could cost to feed a family of six or seven† (54-55). Here Sylvia discovers the economic inequality and realizes the world isn’t all good as it

Social and Political Determinants of Health †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Social and Political Determinants of Health. Answer: This assignment demonstrates the social and the political determinants of health in relation to social gradient in health in the two suburbs of Adelaide. It explains the social and the conceptual model of the determinants of health. It also focuses on the key social determinants of health and the health inequalities. Australia is such a place where the health of the people can be clearly differentiated according to the different places of the continent. The government of Australia helps in promoting the healthier communities. It also helps in promoting healthy environments which can help in preventing the chronic diseases such as obesity, chronic heart disease, cancer and mental disability. Dahlgren and Whitehead (1991) have explained the social ecological theory to health which focuses on the relationship between individuals, environment and health diseases. The first layer is the personal behavior and ways of living that can help in the promotion or cause damage to the health condition. The second layer is the influences in the community and the society which help in providing proper support to the individuals residing in the community when the conditions are not favorable. The third layer consists of structural factors that include appropriate housing facilities, working conditions proper access to services and the provision of important facilities (Public Health Information and Development Unit, 2014). The conceptual model of health involves several layers. The first layer includes the age, sex and the lifestyle factors. The second layer includes social and community networks. The third layer consists of the living and the working conditions including agriculture and the production of food, work environment, lack of employment opportunities, water and sanitation facilities and health care services. There is a social gradient according to statistical data in the local area in South Australia. The lowest percentage of individuals rate the condition of their health as poor or fair reside in the relatively advantaged council area of the Adelaide Hills, whereas the highest portion of individuals live in a relatively disadvantaged area such as Playford (Dahlgren Whitehead,1991) . The social determinants of health refer to the conditions in which the individuals are born, grow, work to improve their lifestyle and deal with several health issues. They are mainly responsible for health inequities that refer to the avoidable differences in the health status within and between different countries (Batterham, et al., 2016). Employment plays an important role in leading to health inequality in Playford, South Australia as it a higher disadvantaged area. There are several theories that work in accordance to the social determinants of health such as psychosocial, materialistic and neo-materialistic theory. The psychosocial theory demonstrates the effect on the health and well being of individuals when they compare themselves to others. The materialistic framework focuses on the relationship between the living conditions and the health effects and the neo materialistic aspect analyzes these living conditions (Hatzenbuehler, Phelan Link, 2013). In the Adelaide hills th e health issues are less as compared to the Playford. In Playford, due to the unemployment, low income of the family, and a large number of school leaving children, the health rate of the people are low. Whereas the Adelaide hills, the employment rate is high which helps in high income rates and most of the children can study in schools. Health inequities refer to the discrimination in the provision of health care services in between different groups of population. According to the reports of The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare report of the year 2014, 56% of Australians had a good health status but 50% of the population suffered from at least one chronic disease (Newman et al., 2014). The social determinants of health are the situation in which people used to live from birth till death and these situations are unavoidable. The term SDHI is used to denote social norms, structures and determinants of social health. The conceptualization of the social determinants of health can be determined in two steps: By viewing the inequalities of health By extending the views about the health inequalities for including the complexity science. According to the reports of Public Health Information and Development Unit (2015), the rate of avoidable mortality is around 86 % higher in the disadvantaged areas as compared to least disadvantaged areas. It is important to promote equity in health care and it can be done by facilitating and promoting the development of proper social networks especially in areas that are deprived of basic health care facilities (Plsdttir et al., 2016). There are three pathways that are being advanced for explaining the health inequalities. Social selection is the pathway which determines the socio- economic position of the health of a person. Thus the persons with better health is at better socioeconomics positions as compared to the less healthier people and this leads to the inequalities. Social causation states that the unequal spread of the healthcare material, the behavioral and the psycho-social factors gives to the rise of inequalities in the health. Life course perspective states that the various factors over the life span are used to determine the diseases observed over the time. The ecosocial approach of the diseases trends over the observed time. There are behavioral and cultural differences in the Adelaide hills and Playford, which is gradually leading to the lowering of socioeconomic status and negative cultures. This differentiation in culture is lowering the status of health of the people (Parry Grant, 2016). It is also important to promote and encourage community development programs to prevent individuals from different health issues and struggling from unemployment. There should be the allocation of proper health care resources according to the requirements of individuals by giving special focus in order to secure the economic, geographic and cultural access to them. Some issue of health in Australia is premature death that death before the age of 75. Australian bureau of statistics recorded that premature rates at Playford is higher (347.8/ 100,000 persons) that the Adelaide Hills (259.1). Thus it can be concluded that the health inequities in areas having low socio economic status in South Australia such as Playford and Adelaide hills can be reduced by proper management and intervention of health issues. It is crucial to work in collaborative partnerships with private as well as governmental agencies to implement several types of supportive programs. It is important to increase the awareness and understanding of mental and physical health issues in the community and provision of proper resources to reduce the differences in the health status of Playford and Adelaide hills. References Batterham, R. W., Hawkins, M., Collins, P. A., Buchbinder, R., Osborne, R. H. (2016). Health literacy: applying current concepts to improve health services and reduce health inequalities. Public Health, 132, 3-12. Dahlgren, G., Whitehead, M. (1991) Understanding the different policy levels of an equity oriented policy in Dahlgren, G., Whitehead, M. (1991) Policies and Strategies to Promote social equity in health. Background document to WHO Strategy paper to Europe (pp 11-13). Stockholm, Swedent: Institute for Future Studies Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Phelan, J. C., Link, B. G. (2013). Stigma as a fundamental cause of population health inequalities. American journal of public health, 103(5), 813-821. Newman, L., Baum, F., Javanparast, S., O'Rourke, K., Carlon, L. (2015). Addressing social determinants of health inequities through settings: a rapid review. Health Promotion International, 30(suppl_2), ii126-ii143. Newman, L., Javanparast, S., Baum, F., Hutchinson, C. (2014). Evidence Review; Settings for Addressing the Social Determinants of Health Inequities. Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Victorian Health Promotion Association, Melbourne, Vic., Australia. Plsdttir, B., Barry, J., Bruno, A., Barr, H., Clithero, A., Cobb, N., ... Strasser, R. (2016). Training for impact: the socio-economic impact of a fit for purpose health workforce on communities. Human resources for health, 14(1), 49. Parry, Y., Grant, J. (2016). Communities for Children Final Report: The use of Communities for Children programs to improve the Social Determinants of health outcomes in Western Adelaide. Public Health Information and Development Unit (2014) Social Health Atlas of Australia: South Australia, Statistical Local Areas, (2011 ASGC) Phidu.torrens.edu.au.(2017). datagraph. [online] Available at: https://www.phidu.torrens.edu.au/current/graphs/sha-aust/quintiles/sa/avoidable-mortality-sex.html [Accessed 17 Oct. 2017].

Control System for The Robotic Joint

Question: Discuss about the Control System for The Robotic Joint. Answer Introduction The excessive feedback procurement has precise disturbance rejection, robustness and tracking abilities within the inflexible frame case. It is applicable to hold those functions whilst the joints are significantly flexible. This study examines the feedback control system for the robot with very flexible joints. The feedback is done from DH joint angles in the robot. The Robot is like an open kinematic series with some revolute joints. The Joints are demonstrated as direct torsional springs as well as joint damping is very small. The Drives are appended at all the joints. Since, the engine edges are presently not as same as the connection points, the feedback from the drive side of the adaptable joints is diverse with the feedback input from the connection side of the adaptable joints. For settled 0 angle with nonlinear terms might be taken as an unsettling influence, the exchange work from the drive torque to engine point has just limited zeros while the exchange work from the drive torque to connection edge has some unbounded zeros. The settling control rules and laws for the quick elements are acquired, while utilizing inputs two arrangements are proposed. The Expecting joint torque can be measured, a joint torque control law can balance out the quick progression then again a compensator can be intended to specifically balance out the quick flow in the quickening feedback circle. Feedback control framework in Robotic Joint The criticism of high pick up has great unsettling influence dismissal power concerning plant and load varieties and great following capacity. The high pick up speeding input for an inflexible body, robot is like the registered torque or criticism linearization control law. Criticism is utilized as 'work bolstered by NSERC Canada give a number 4394 to change the inflexible body progression into R paired twofold integrators. The second control rule is then used to control the integrators rather being dropping the nonlinear terms, which are presently an unsettling influence to be rejected or around crossed out ("Shifting an Object by Robot Using Haptic Shared Control System", 2016). For a perfect unbending body, the speeding up input will bring about a stable shut circle framework. With the inflexible joints, quickening input from the connection side is as same as speeding up criticism from the drive side of the joint (Rigelsford, 2003). With an adaptable joint robot, engine edges are presently extraordinary from the connection points. In this manner, the increasing speed input from the drive side of the adaptable joints is distinctive to quicken the criticism from the connection side of the adaptable joints. For settled 0 and with the non-linear terms considered as aggravations, the exchange work from drive torque to engine point has just limited zeros while the exchange work from drive torque to connection edge has some unending zeros (Recent progress in robotics: viable robotic service to human, 2011). The high pick up in the speeding criticism circle from the connection points can be destabilized because of the nearness of joint flow. The Settling control laws for the quick flow are acquired, when utilizing the speeding up input, two arrangements are proposed. It is sensible to accept that more updated eras of engines will be accessible when factory incorporates both torque angle edge estimations. Accepting the joint torque can be measured. A joint torque con trol law can balance out the quick progression or on the other hand, a compensator can be intended to specifically settle the quick flow in the quickening input circle (Wang, Dong, Bai, 2010). The shut circle data transfer capacity of the robot flow can then be expanded while holding the helpful properties of speeding up input, for example, vigor and aggravation dismissal (Petkovic, Pavlovic, Issa, 2013). Presently, there are two extensive parameters related to the quick clynanics, joint solidness and speeding up pick up. A lot of study has centered the control of flexible joint robots. The starting from the main control techniques produced for inflexible body controllers, there are some intense theoretical results concerning the management and control of all the controllers with joint versatilities. These incorporate particular perturbation and fundamental complex, input linearization, and dynamic criticism linearization alongside the versatile control systems. The basic complex and solitary annoyance systems take care of the control issue by the two phase procedure (Metelskii, 2015). They propose a quick joint torque control circle, relating to the quick part of the controller elements, and a slower external control circle compared to the inflexible body flow of the robot. A control framework for accomplishing rapid torque for a joint of a robot incorporates a printed circuit board get together (PCBA) having an assembled joint processor and fast correspondence transport. The PCBA might likewise incorporate a PIM and neighborhood SCE for handling sensor information from at least one engine position sensors (Weinberger, Braatz, 2014). Torque control of an engine of the joint is given by means of the PCBA as a rapid torque circle. Each joint processor might be installed inside or assembled with the mechanical joint being controlled ("Shifting an Object by Robot Using Haptic Shared Control System", 2016). The Collocation of the joint processor, PIM, and rapid transport may expand commotion invulnerability of the control framework, and the limited handling of sensory information from the joint engine at the joint level may limit transport cabling to and from the each control hub. The joint processor may incorporate the FPGA (Katayama, 2015). Feedback System The criticism control procedures utilize estimation and estimation of the framework state to diminish vibration. Criticism control, utilize estimation or estimation of the framework states as a contribution of the controller close to the reference an incentive to decrease the vibration(Hernandez-Santos, Rodriguez-Leal, Soto, Gordillo, 2012). The Feedback controllers can be intended to be strong to parameter vulnerability. For adaptable controllers, bolster forward and criticism control procedures are utilized for vibration concealment and position control, individually. A worthy framework execution without the vibration that record for framework changes can be accomplished by building up a mixture controller comprising of both control strategies. Subsequently, an appropriately planned encourage forward controller is required, with which the multifaceted nature of the required criticism controller can be decreased. These strategies depend on the exact framework model and make the fra mework exceptionally touchy to demonstrate blunders that can influence the framework performance. Various methods have been proposed to encourage the forward control procedures for the control of vibration (Haddad, 2015). Swings has inferred a moulded torque, which limits the leftover vibration and the impact of parameter varieties that influence the modular frequencies. In any case, the constraining capacity is not time-ideal. A few analysts have concentrated the use of registered torque systems for the control of adaptable manipulators. Be that as it may, this strategy experiences a few problems. Components utilized for the robot actuation as well as feedback Position as well as Velocity Sensors: The Position sensors are the input gadgets used to discover the exact development of joints for fulfilling the required bearing and position of the end effector. A robot requires speed sensors for controlling the speed of the controller development (Fujita, 2012). The Position sensors utilize a few gadgets, for example, resolvers, potentiometers, and encoders for detecting the position, while the speed sensors incorporate DC tachometer for giving proper speed. Every single robot requires input gadgets for conveying the exact speed control. Indeed, even as of late created entangled control framework additionally scarcely depends on these gadgets for increasing the better execution of the robot controller in a few errands like deceleration and speeding up. Actuators as well as Power Transmission Systems: A controller utilizes the actuators along with the power transmission framework for accomplishing the control activities. Thus, these gadgets help in producing power for moving the robot arm. The actuators are utilized to give energy to the robot joints with the assistance of the power transmission frameworks (Fred, Filipe, Gamboa, 2010). Now and again, the power transmission frameworks won't be required if the actuators are connected to the robot joints itself. A portion of the gadgets that are utilized as the actuators are pneumatic, water powered, and electric (Goodwin, Graebe, Salgado, 2011). The power transmission frameworks make utilization of apparatuses, screws, as well as pulleys for playing out this instrument. Equipment depiction The two very light-weight robots created at the DLR are extremely appropriate for the execution and testing of the control calculations described in the previous area. By outlining profoundly incorporated mechanical and electrical segments, a heap to possess weight proportion of 1:2 is accomplished, for a robot weight of 17kg. For joint control, the engine position and the joint torque signals in light of strain gage innovation are accessible (Fischer, 2010). The new robot is furnished with connection position sensors also. Moreover, a 6 DOF drive torque sensor is incorporated in the robot's wrist. Both robots are excess 7 DOF controllers. The utilization of a ?oating point flag processor for each joint controller as well as very fast optical communicating bus (1ms) between the joints and the robot controller gives the essential ?exibility and registering power for included control calculations (Ellis, 2016). Fig. 1:DLR light-weight joint robot Image Source:alin.com Controller structure For the design of the controller, we can start by considering the robot model proposed by Spong: m = J q1 + + DK1 ? +F (1) +DK1 ? = M(q2) q2 + C(q2, ? q2)? q2 + g (q2)(2) = K(q1 q2) (3) Where, m is the engine torque vector, q1 and q2 the engine and connection positions, separately, and the joint torque. J is the engine idleness grid, K and D, are the flexibility and damping frameworks, brought about predominantly by the rigging box and the torque sensor (Hernandez-Santos, Rodriguez-Leal, Soto, Gordillo, 2012). These lattices are inclining and positive de?nite. M, C and g are the same with respect to sti? robots: the mass grid, the Coriolis and centripetal torque vector and the gravity vector. In these conditions, the active vitality of the rotors because of connection developments is ignored, just the dynamic vitality because of their own pivot being considered. For the diminishment proportion of 160 of our robots, this is a decent estimate. F is the grinding power vector (Deng, Li, Zheng, Yao, 2011). Fig. 2:Controller stucture Image Source: Experimental results A noteworthy reasonable stride for the execution of the proposed controller structure is the parameter identi?cation. Due to the huge number of parameters, we partitioned them in a few gatherings which were identi?ed independently. The robots kinematic and element parameters are correctly processed utilizing the current mechanical CAD projects, and estimation based advancement of these parameters brought no significant upgrades. The rubbing parameters were identi?ed in view of the current, torque and speed estimations on significant directions for the entire robot. Although the characteristics of the current controlled engines can be identi?ed together with the rubbing parameters, this prompts an awful molding of the advancement issue. Accordingly, the engine parameters were likewise identi?ed independently utilizing an engine test-bed. The FEM assessment for the joint flexibility were not sufficiently exact, so we decided it from the joint wavering recurrence, knowing the latency. T hen in the robot, the available sensors enable online computation of the versatility. The identi?cation brought about an exceptionally correct reproduction, which is utilized for the outline and trial of the controllers. Fig. 3:Feedback control of robot Image Source: alin.com Conclusion This study concludes that a state feedback controller for the ?exible joint robots can be stretched out bit by bit to assess the full robot flow. It has been demonstrated that even with the basic, ?xed pick up the controller, the joint can be balanced out around a reference position and the oscillations brought on by the joint ?exibility are effectively damped. Contrasted with different controllers, this one is e?cient for all intents and purposes and simple to execute notwithstanding for some DOF, and still hypothetically be very much established. The effectiveness of the controller is approved through the examinations on the DLR light-weight robots. References Built-in PLC makes Cartesian robot cell a tool for complete system control. (2014).Industrial Robot: An International Journal,31(1). DENG, Z., LI, X., ZHENG, K., YAO, W. (2011). A Humanoid Robot Control System with SSVEP-based Asynchronous Brain-Computer Interface.ROBOT,33(2), 129-135. ELLIS, G. (2016).Control system design guide (1st ed.). [Place of publication not identified]: ELSEVIER BUTTERWORTH-HEIN. Fischer, I. (2011). A geometric method for determining joint rotations in the inverse kinematics of robotic manipulators.Journal Of Robotic Systems,17(2), 107-117. Fred, A., Filipe, J., Gamboa, H. (2010).Biomedical engineering systems and technologies(1st ed.). Berlin: Springer. Fujita, M. (2012). Robot Behaviour Control System and method, and robot apparatus.The Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of America,132(4), 2779. Goodwin, G., Graebe, S., Salgado, M. (2001).Control system design(1st ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Haddad, F. (2015). Robotic surgery: edge of tomorrow?.The Bone Joint Journal,97-B(3), 289-290. Hernandez-Santos, C., Rodriguez-Leal, E., Soto, R., Gordillo, J. (2012). Kinematics and Dynamics of a New 16 DOF Humanoid Biped Robot with Active Toe Joint.International Journal Of Advanced Robotic Systems, 1. Katayama, H. (2015). Output Feedback Stabilizing Controllers for Nonlinear Sampled-Data Strict-Feedback Systems.SICE Journal Of Control, Measurement, And System Integration,8(2), 94-98. Metelskii, A. (2015). Feedback control of the spectrum of differential-difference system.Automation And Remote Control,76(4), 560-572. Petkovic?, D., Pavlovic?, N., Issa, M. (2013).Passively compliant robotic joint with embedded sensors(1st ed.). Saarbru?cken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. Recent progress in robotics: viable robotic service to human. (2008) (1st ed.). Berlin. Rigelsford, J. (2013). Control system.Industrial Robot: An International Journal,30(2). Shifting an Object by Robot Using Haptic Shared Control System. (2016).International Journal Of Science And Research (IJSR),5(5), 177-180. Wang, J., Dong, L., Bai, Y. (2010). State Feedback Controller Design for Exponential Stability of Networked Control System.International Journal Of Computer And Electrical Engineering, 203-207. WANG, J., YANG, C., WANG, Z., WANG, Q., SONG, T. (2010). Wireless Measurement and Control System for a Novel Bionic Micro-Robot.ROBOT,32(1), 34-40. Weinberger, M., Braatz, R. (2014). A Real Nobel Prize for a Feedback Control System: Simon van der Meer [Feedback].IEEE Control Systems,34(2), 14-14. XIE, L., WANG, Z., WANG, C., XU, J. (2010). A Robust Walking Control System of Humanoid Robot.ROBOT,32(4), 484-490. Zhang, Z. (2012). Design Optimization of a Cable-Driven Two-DOF Flexible Joint Module.International Journal Of Advanced Robotic Systems, 1.

Multicultural Counseling Theory

Abstract This paper addresses the various issues associated with multicultural counseling theory. The pros and cons of multicultural counseling theory were analyzed with regards to factors that affect the work of multicultural counselors. People have ceased from being confined in their regions because of the scarcity of opportunities.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Multicultural Counseling Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People from various backgrounds are meeting in countries that have cultures that far much different from theirs. They encounter difficulties while trying to adjust themselves to the changes. The challenges affect them at varied intensity depending on their age, gender and religion. The multicultural counselors must be ready to tackle such difficulties in order to assist their clients overcome these obstacles. He/she should act as the role model of his/her clients. Both the couns elor and the client must undertake their responsibility appropriately. The counselor must stick to the ethics of being a counselor. There are some personality traits that should be portrayed by a qualified counselor. The clients expect the counselor to be open minded rather than being reserved. Besides that the counselor should pay close attention to the progress of their client and if they realize that the problem has remained persistent they should consider other alternatives. These are some of the issues that have been analyzed in this paper. Introduction Counseling entails giving people advice concerning their problems and the professionals who offer this advice are called counselors. When one is faced with difficulties and he/she does not know how to handle it or what steps to take, they are expected to consult a counselor. A counselor’s job is very demanding because he/she must change the thoughts of the client. This job can further be complicated when the counselor dea ls with clients from all walks of life. Counselors are expected to deal with people from different backgrounds, cultures, and ethnicities, thus leading to the concept of multicultural counseling theory. This paper reviews the pros and cons of multicultural counseling. Today our communities have been mixed up because the increase in human population has forced people to relocate to other countries in search of work. This is owing to the fact that the resources in their nations could hardly sustain them hence when they secured opportunities in foreign nations they decided to settle there.Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although they exist in foreign land they continue to exhibit their cultures which make them unique. However, multicultural counselors must be acquainted to the cultures of their clients because that way they will be in a position to understand their multi cultural clients better (James, 2008). Pros and Cons of Multicultural Counseling Theory The pros and cons of MCT are attributed to factors such as ethnicity, gender, age, disability, and religion. The following are the strengths of MCT: (1). is flexible and takes into consideration different cultures; 2. It is in itself a theoretical model; 3. Understanding it helps counselors to deal with people from different cultures; and 4. several alternatives can be applied using MCT. On the other hand, the limitations of MCT include: 1. the counselor need to understand different cultures; 2. there is need to understand the underlying concepts of MCT; 3. the theory has little research in relation to analytical evidence; 4. it neglects traditional therapies; and 5. It is generally difficult for counselors to adopt MCT. In this light, the following section discusses the factors affecting multicultural counseling and the qualities required by a multicultural counselor. The factors are discussed i n relation to the mentioned pros and cons of MCT. Factors Influencing Multicultural Counseling MCT outlines that when a counselor is giving advice he/she must not compromise the culture of his clients thus he/she should appreciate their differences. If the clients feel that their counselor does not understand them, such as why they do certain things or why they behave in a certain way, they will opt for a counselor who belongs to their ethnicity and thus multicultural counseling will loose its meaning. The best strategy towards the success of multicultural counseling is to have customized approaches to client issues which might help solve their problems. If a counselor applies a uniform approach in solving clients’ problem he/she will not solve their problems in a satisfactory manner. This is because people understand things differently and their thoughts are influenced by their backgrounds and cultures. It is unacceptable for a counselor to speak negatively about the culture s or ethnicity of his/her clients. If the clients came to realize this they would loose the pride that they have towards their culture and this may result in hatred.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Multicultural Counseling Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Pedersen (2002), counselors should promote the tolerance of cultural diversity by appreciating their clients regardless of their background. If a counselor must discourage against a given cultural practice he/she must bring the point home in a polite manner because using rude language will make it sound like an insult. The counselor should establish a friendship based on trust with his/her clients. For this trust to be realized, the counselor must prove to his/her clients that what they share is confidential because if they feel that their secrets are not safe they can’t dare to share vital information with the counselor. Thi s information is important because it makes the client to provide the relevant information that could be the root cause of their problem. This means that the counselor should be neutral while dealing with his/her clients because if he discriminates some of them the others will come to realize in one way or another and this will have a negative impact on the integrity of the counselor. This implies that a multicultural counselor should have strong interpersonal skills to enable him/her handle situations involving people from different cultures (Gladding, 2009). Counselors must be familiar with the cultural values of their clients and also understand how the people of various backgrounds interact with the rest of the world. This refers to their likes and dislikes which is greatly influenced by their cultures. Failure to understand their tastes may cause the counselor to apply inappropriate approach to their problem. The above stated scenario occurs quite often and that’s why yo u will hear clients saying that they sought professional help from a given counselor and it was not effective while another client may praise the competence of the same counselor. This could be due to the fact that the two clients are from different origins and the counselor in question could be familiar to the culture of one of them hence he was able to offer appropriate help. When people from different cultures and races come together their differences become their identity. Pope-Davis and Coleman (2001) suggest that these differences are important because they give them a sense of belonging. Assuming that we were all different from each other, interaction would be impossible. When people from various cultures occupy the same habitat there are two possible outcomes of their interactions. First, one culture might be eliminated by another. Either of the two cultures may be eliminated, that is, the host culture or the foreign culture, but this process depends on the one that dominate s the habitat shared by the two cultures. For instance, if the foreigners outnumber the hosts, the culture of the foreigners is likely to be reserved while that of the host is scrapped off.Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, the two cultures may be reserved but this happens when there is a balance between the hosts and the foreigners. In addition, some people are very conservative hence they can’t allow their cultures to be eliminated and thus they will do anything to ensure that their culture is recognized wherever they are located. This poses a greater challenge to counselors. But this depends on how individuals feel about their culture. This is because there are some cultures that are seen to be enslaving people hence when the generation that introduced them dies, those who remain abolish it gradually. For instance, female circumcision among some African communities was a mandatory rite of passage but of late very few people continue to practice it because people are now aware of the dangers that come with it. Multicultural counselors should also understand the differences of gender and sexuality, that is, men and women. Cormier, Nurius and Osborn (2008) explain that this is because both genders respond to situations differently. Furthermore, men and women have different attitudes. These elements are influenced by their genetic composition. Women tend to be emotional hence they are more delicate than men. On the other hand, men are physical and that’s why when a man breaks up with his spouse its easier for him to move on with his life compared to the woman who takes more time to heal the wounds. Besides, counselors should familiarize themselves with clients of various sexual orientations. By doing so, they will be able to provide appropriate advice to their clients irrespective of their gender or sexual orientation. This is because misunderstanding might cause the counselor to apply the wrong procedure towards solving the problem of the client. For instance, the counselor might recommend a strategy that is best suited for men to a female client hence it may not be effective. Additionally, we all know that men and women possess different characteristics. For example, we know that women have mothering ability hence they are the ones who can best monitor their infants than the fathers of their young ones. Prochaska and Norcross (2007) reckons that counselors must appreciate their clients’ sexual orientation regardless of whether they are gay or lesbians hence when they are dealing with such people they must try their best not to show their hatred towards people who are of unacceptable sexual orientation but instead focus on the matter at hand. For example, when a counselor is dealing with a client who is bisexual and is suffering from HIV/AIDS, he/she should not blame the orientation of that client for his sickness but should rather help the client to cope with the stigma that is associated with the ailment in question. Some people are troubled by small issues such as being under the leadership of a woman. This could be due to the fact that women are not supposed to assume leadership as far as the client’s background is concerned. In order to understand issues that are related to gender it would be best if the counselor inquired from the client what her/his community expects from each gender. This implies that the counselor should engage the client in analyzing the roles that are supposed to be played by men. The other most important aspect in multicultural counseling is power analysis. It is a simple method that is used by counselors to enlighten the clients about the powers that are entitled to them and the reasons why they are allowed to exercise the same powers. The power in this case is limited to the client’s life with regard to what they own and what they can’t do. Counselors must learn how to deal with people of different ages. This entails learning how they behave at various ages. This helps the counselor to find out which measures are best suited for teenagers, youths, and the elderly. This is because people have different thoughts at different ages. For instance, teenagers think that their parents are too old hence they perceive them to be outdated and come to realize later in life that their parents were actually right. Moreover, teenagers tend to be rebellious hence when a counselor is making suggestions he/she should be patient with them. The elderly on the other hand are fond of forgetting things very fast hence they have to be reminded frequently. This means that the counselor must be patient with them and also be gradual with them instead of rushing things. Another group of people that is delicate comprises of the disabled. Skovholt (2001) explains that counselors must watch their tongues while conversing with such people because they are easily offended by negative remarks that could be unintentional. People with disabilities don’t like it when they are given special care due to their condition hence when a counselor is assisting such a person he should mention that it’s done to everyone. Besides, counselors must be acquainted wit h the issues that affect the disabled and their families. Religion and spirituality also influences the effectiveness of counseling. The counselors must get used to handling clients from various religions. Religion comprises of believes and faith which are crucial in counseling. Some recommendations that are made by counselors could be against the religion of the client hence there will be a conflict. The counselor should analyze the beliefs of his/her clients before he gives counsel because that way he will establish measures that are suitable to people of a particular religion. When counseling goes against the beliefs of the client, it will make the client feel guilty because to some people religion is so dear to them. When a counselor is dealing with a huge group of people from various backgrounds its important to select those that share the same cultural values and isolate them from those who are extremely different from each other. The counselor should then revisit each clientà ¢â‚¬â„¢s background information to establish the best possible solution. It is also necessary to consider the thoughts of the client in relation to those whom he/she interacts with on a daily basis. The counselor should inform the client that changes are part of life because different people do things differently hence some of the things that are acceptable in their motherland may be unacceptable in the foreign country. Besides, when a counselor is obtaining information from a client who hails from a different culture he/she must ignore the mistakes that may be on the speech of the client such as incorrect grammar. This will make the client to feel at home and thus give more information pertaining to his/her problem (Safran and Muran, 2000). The counselor should allow the client to set the things that are more important and relevant to him/her. The counselor should handle cases differently just as they are brought by different people. Some counselors assume they already know where t here client is headed hence they misinterpret their client’s statement. This is most common in cases where the counselor and the client are from the same background. This generalization and assumption is bad because the situation may not be close to what the counselor thinks. The response of a counselor should not be protective. This means that if the client explains his/her problem the counselor should not make a remark that implies that the problem is not that serious. For instance, if a client expresses how he/she was humiliated in a public gathering just because he is of a different ethnicity, the counselor should not make statements such as â€Å"you will get used to it†. According to Freire (2005), a counselor should never victimize people who belong to a race that is perceived to be hostile to others or criminals even when he himself has encountered their discriminating traits or his relatives. For instance, a black American might feel uncomfortable when dealing with Native Americans when she knows that her father was brutally murdered by a Native American. To deal with this problem a counselor should know that when he/she is offended by someone from a different community it does not mean that everyone from that race is a criminal or something close to that. MCT requires that the counselor should seek to know the cultural background of the client. The counselor should employ an approach that is appropriate. This means that the question about the client’s racial background should be introduced indirectly. This is necessary because some clients don’t like it when someone asks them about their ethnicity because they fear that they will be handled according to their background. This fear is owed to experiences of the client in question. Counselors should encourage their clients to mingle with the people who are of different cultures from others. This will help the diverse people to accept each other and thus live in harmony. The client should be informed that going back to their mother land is the last option hence they should get used to seeing things being done differently as opposed to what they would expect. For counseling to be effective both parties must play their parts well. The client should follow the counsel of the counselor and the counselor must provide the appropriate counsel. There are counselors who go against the ethics of counseling. They do this by sharing information concerning their clients with others. This suggests that such a counselor does not have the interests of his/her clients at heart. Gladding (2009) advises that a good counselor should be honest when dealing with clients. They should not lie to their clients. Lying can mislead clients and when they realize that the person whom they trusted with their problems and secrets is untrustworthy they will look for another reputable counselor. Some counselors lie to their clients even when they know very well that whatever they are sa ying could be dangerous. If a counselor is not sure about something he/she should be sincere while giving advice. Lying occurs when some people want to portray themselves to know everything. A counselor should be caring to his/her clients. A counselor should caution his/her client about the consequences of any affirmative action that the client wishes to take. There are times when clients have fallen victims of dangerous consequences at the hands of their counselors. Such counselors are only interested on the money that they are paid by their clients. A counselor should be flexible such that if the measure he/she recommends to the client does not work he/she should have another strategy ready for implementation. Some counselors are not flexible because they stick to the same strategy for a long time just because it worked for a few clients while it does not work for the rest. There are usually several ways of doing something to achieve the same results. A counselor should have a cle ar objective towards helping the client’s problems. A counselor should overcome the hurdles that arise in the course of helping the client. He/she should consider doing anything possible to assist the client. Sometimes the counselor has to make sacrifices towards the success of his/her client. This means that the client is given the first priority. There are counselors who put money before their clients to an extent they can’t listen to the problems that are being passed across by the client unless money is put on the table. A good counselor should be patient with his/her clients. This means he/she should give the client some time to get used to the measure they intend to implement on the client. A counselor should know that since the problem of the client did not develop in one day it’s not possible to eliminate it in one day. Healing is a gradual process because if it happens abruptly it might cause drawbacks. Diller (2007) argues that a counselor should not s how any sign of weakness even when it seems the situation is getting out of hand. Showing weakness will make the client loose confidence in him/her because the client expects him to offer the necessary support that is needed by the client. It is during such occasions that the counselor should provide warmth to the client which is meant to encourage the client to continue soldiering on. Conclusion Multicultural counseling theory demands a lot of efforts in cultural diversity and thus its limitations overweigh the strengths. This paper has discussed the pros and cons of multicultural counseling with regard to factors the influence the theory. The factors include ethnicity, gender, age, disability, and religion. I essence, a multicultural counselor should have compassion over his/her clients. This aspect goes hand in hand with love for people because without love a counselor cannot make a single sacrifice towards the wellness of his/her client. In addition, the counselor should exercis e caution over sensitive issues that concern his/her clients. He/she should consider the consequences that are most likely to occur when sensitive issues that are highly valued by the client fail to bring the desired results. Therefore, a multicultural counselor should have dealt with many people from diverse cultures for him/her to have broad knowledge of carrying out multicultural counseling. References Cormier, S., Nurius, P. Osborn, J. (2008). Interviewing and Change Strategies for Helpers: Fundamental Skills. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. Diller, J.V. (2007). Cultural Diversity. 3rd Ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson, Brooks/Cole: Freire, P. (2005). Education for Critical Consciousness. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group. Gladding, S.T. (2009).Counseling: A comprehensive Profession. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. James, K.R. (2008).Crisis Intervention Strategies. Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole. Pedersen, P. (2002).Counseling Across Cultures, London: Sage Inc. Pope-Da vis, B. Coleman, L.H. (2001).The Intersection of Race, Class, and Gender in Multicultural Counseling. California: Sage Learning. Prochaska, J.O. Norcross, J.C. (2007.). Systems of Psychotherapy: A Transtheoretical Analysis. 6th Ed. Pacific Grove, CA: Thomson Learning. Safran, J.D., Muran, J.C. (2000).Negotiating the Therapeutic Alliance: A relational Treatment Guide. New York: Guilford. Skovholt, T.M, T.M. (2001).The Resilient Practitioner: Burnout Prevention and Self-care Strategies for Counselors, Therapists, and Health Professionals. Boston: Allyn Bacon. This research paper on Multicultural Counseling Theory was written and submitted by user Kimberly Whitley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Aristotles Tragedy essays

Aristotles Tragedy essays Aristotle defines Greek tragedy by the presence of a great mistake performed by the protagonist due to particular flaws, which leads to an inevitable sequence of events. One of the flaws is that of Hubris, the capital sin of pride, and thus the antithesis of two ethics that the Greeks valued highly. Aidos (humble reverence for the law) and Sophrosyne (self-restraint, a sense of proper limits). In Greek Literature, hubris often afflicted rulers and conquerors who, though endowed with great leadership abilities, abused their power and authority and challenged the divine balance of nature to gratify their own vanity and ambition. Aristotles Poetics both described and prescribed the structure of drama as it had evolved by the fourth century BC . One of the passages consists of this; The best plot...will consist in a change of fortune... from prosperity to misfortune, occasioned not by depravity but by some great mistake... Tragedy having this construction is the finest kind of trag edy from an artistic point of view. Aeschylus Agamemnon accompanies the description of tragedy very well, due to Agamemnons actions (which include mainly the great mistake), lack of Aidos and lack of knowledge. He fell from extreme prosperity from returning home after the war, to extreme misfortune, being killed by Clytaemnestra. The play Agamemnon fits this poetic very well and lies within the relationship of the protagonist to the inevitable sequence of events. The inevitable sequence of events starts with Agamemnon having a tremendous flaw that plagued him throughout the story of the Trojan War as well as his return to his home. This flaw starts his downfall to death by allowing him to perform the great mistake. That flaw was Hubris, the capital sin of pride. In Greek Literature, hubris often afflicted rulers and conquerors who, though endowed with great leadership abilities, abused thei...

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Adding value through marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Adding value through marketing - Essay Example In today’s world, consumers are being bombarded with a multitude of products and services with the entailing cacophony of messages that vie for attention. The result is an increasing confusion and indifference on the part of the buying publicEvaluate the extent to which a sustainable and green approach to marketing can add positively to the bottom line in an age of consumer confusion and possible indifference. In today’s world, consumers are being bombarded with a multitude of products and services with the entailing cacophony of messages that vie for attention. The result is an increasing confusion and indifference on the part of the buying public. This can breed consumer discontent that, in itself, is becoming increasingly difficult to address. According to Kaptan (2003), if this confusion, indifference and discontent are not dealt with successfully, any relief created will be transitory and that later on new symptomatic issues and complaints would arise. (p. 45) Ther e is, hence, a need to introduce products and services and build brands that aim to rise above the rest. This objective is best served by adopting sustainable and green approach to marketing. The Concepts Essentially, green marketing is the holistic marketing concept wherein production, marketing consumption and disposal of products and services happen in a manner that is less detrimental to the environment, especially with growing awareness and consideration to prominent environmental issues like global warming, non-biodegradable solid waste, harmful impact of pollutants, and so forth. (Chandrasekar 2009, p458) Sustainability follows and reinforces the same principle, and is characterized by activities that seek to change existing framework in favour of sustainability. (Saren et al., p205) Pursing this strategy is significant to consumers for several reasons. The most important of these include: its contribution to the consumer’s â€Å"empowerment† since it allows the consumer to make a difference by using â€Å"green† products and services; and, it provides credibility since sustainability related claims can make consumers believe and trust in the product. (Ottman 2011, p110) The gist of the benefits of sustainable and green marketing is that their associations with the positive impact to environment provides a product or brand a mantle of uniqueness and responsibility that adds value in the eyes of the buyers. Successful sustainable and green campaigns include the Levi’s recently launched Eco line of 100 percent organic cotton jeans; Wal-Mart’s â€Å"Green† push consisted of diverse initiatives such as reducing energy waste, opening green supercenters, stocking more organic products, and working with suppliers to get them on board as well. (Hawkins & Mathersbaugh 2010, p102) Ottman emphasized that sustainable and â€Å"green† products offer tangible and direct benefits that are actually meaningful and importa nt to a number of consumers. (p110) Making a Difference The principles at work here is that green products can rise above the din of commerce that are peppered with superficial solutions to individual needs. Slater pointed to the social dilemma that emerges as a consequence. In his view, the production of more goods and services that provide false satisfactions to human needs in greedy pursuit for profit contribute to the increasing disorganization, disorientation and confusion not just with regards to their needs but also their identities. (p126) In the past, marketing and advertising could have gotten away with it with what Slater called as: an innumerable series of images are forced upon the individual, like mirrors, seemingly empathetic and totally credible, which bring their secrets to the surface and display them there. In these images, people are continually shown the unfulfilled aspects of their existence. The illusion ingratiates itself, promising satisfaction; it reads des ires in one’s eyes, and brings them to the surface of commodity. (p126) The problem now is that consumers have been satiated with these messages and strategies. This and the crass materialism had not satisfied many people’s innermost desires. (Sattar 1992, p. 41) One may say that, today, the average buyer is both aware and confused about the way products are pandered to him. Slater

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Information Technology for Business Innovation - Essay Example As far as technology is concerned, there have been great advances in the movie industry and any company needs to stay abreast with these technologies in order to thrive. Blockbuster has, as stated earlier, used such technologies as streaming video on demand, kiosks and DVD-by-mail to distribute it products. There are various technologies that the company has put in place to ensure that it reaches its global customers as far as marketing and distribution are concerned. To start with, the company offers DVDs on a mail platform whereby movies are send to the consumers on request by mail and on a rental basis. For this technology, consumers request for movies of their preference or the ones they wish to rent and put them in a queue. The company then sends the ordered movies as soon as they become available. The movies are actually send in a postage paid envelope and come with a postage paid return envelope so what the consumers do is to watch the movies, put them into the accompanied pos tage paid envelopes and drop them in them mail then wait for their next ordered movie to be delivered. The only disadvantage of this technology is that customers can not be able to exchange the movies immediately after they watch them. Due to the fact that its customers are distributed globally, another disadvantage may be the high cost of delivery as compared to online method (Hayes 2005). Secondly, the company uses an online streaming technology whereby customers log on to the service which is based on a pay as you access plan then they can access movies of their tastes. As if this is not enough, the company offers free movies on a trial basis or after activating the media players then afterwards one has to pay to watch the subsequent movies. In 2003, blockbuster eventually launched their rental subscription program which allowed members to rent an unlimited number of movies during the duration of their subscription without the worry of any late fees. Basically, majority of the mo vies cost from $2.00 to $ 3.00. Examples of the online streaming services offered by blockbuster include; Vudu and Amazon on demand. It also has contracts with some movie distributors in order to receive movies quickly than the Netflix or their other competitors, Redbox; this betters its customers since it has locations globally. It also strongly emphasizes on new releases which means that their customers always receive the latest products in the market. The company also offers Blu-ray disks which offer advanced features like high definition and storage capacity as compared to DVDs. Has Blockbusters approach been successful? Although blockbuster tried to offer all its services at a friendly manner such as free movies on trial basis and home delivery of their products, it has still not been that successful. This is because it is faced by a lot of competition from its competitors such as the Netflix, movie gallery, and Hasting Entertainment and Red box. When it comes to online streami ng for example, a company like Netflix out did Blockbuster by the fact that its payment plan was friendlier than that of Blockbuster. To be more precise, the company (Netflix) offers unlimited online streaming at the cost of $7.99 per month which is reasonable far much cheaper than Blockbuster’s $ 2.00 to $ 3.00 for every movie. The deal offered by Netflix is even made better

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Businesses going green with IT In todays ever changing world, there is an increased amount of pressure to become more environmentally conscious in they we live go about our daily lives. Some examples of environmental impacts on individuals may include trash recycling, choosing eco-friendly consumer products, vehicle purchase, as well as basic house hold energy management. We could also apply this to an industry service. Businesses in the architectural / engineering world perform construction services in the form of site development. Companies in this industry are designing and making decisions on behalf of their client based on the latest regulations to ensure all the environmental requirements are met while striving for sustainability. Sustainabilitys advancement in society has reached a new level for business organizations. Companies are not only providing services externally that need to comply with environmental regulations. 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According to AMR Research in Maddens (2009) article, the carbon auditing software market has reached $3.6 billion and could see levels as high as $9 billion within the next couple of years. The validity of the market share has grown since being joined by large vendors such as Computer Associates, Microsoft, and recently merged SAP/Clear Standards. California based company, Enviance, is rated as one of the market leaders in this emerging industry. Their environmental enterprise resource planning (ERP) services include web based and on premise automation of tracking and reporting of health and safety, greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental factors. Their mobile platform involves personal digital assistants (PDAs) and tablet PCs for reducing the amount of paper used in meter reading, inspections for hazardous materials and environmental discharges, and auditing. 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Mr. Goldenhersh states, â€Å"Customers (companies) need to trust that the solutions they have in place will be defensible on many levels regulatory and reputational† (as cited in Madden, December 2009). In contrast to business professionals contribution to (ERP) software development, Mr. Goldenhersh goes on to explain that if sustainability applications are to have any credibility, they will need to be developed with environmental experts in hard sciences such as physics and chemistry as examples. We can also add professionals in other areas such as architectural and engineering with environmental accreditations. Green software users are employed in other sectors within an organization besides executive and management. At the design and production levels, employees can use the applicable data to create improvements for their own facilities management operations or for outside design services. Using the construction trade example mentioned earlier as it relates to the content, Maddens (2009) article explains how CADD (computer aided design and drafting) software vendor Autodesk is providing solutions to their clients enabling them to meet â€Å"green† initiatives. Autodesk has been developing green tools built into their software as well as providing an online web based environmental service. One example of a built-in tool added in their desktop software Inventor is the Sustainable Materials Assistant (SMA), which is applied in manufacturing and process engineering. The SMA application used in digital prototyping focuses on providing feedback for intelligent material selection in the design process with respect to environmental compliance. Their internet based solution is known as the Green Building Studio. This web service uses the Ecotect platform software to enable architects and engineers to perform a building analysis, generating a design that is more energy efficient and account for the overall carbon footprint in the end product (a building system). The information technology applied in this green software service incorporates many factors in this trade including carbon emissions reporting, water usage, amount of daylight, site positioning, and even a detailed weather analysis among several of the examples. Using Enviance CEOs comments on green software creditability as a parallel reference, the Green Building Studio web service was evaluated under ANSI/ASHRAE standards for this genre of computer analysis and is certified by the U.S. Department of Energy, (according to the Autodesk website) making the service verifiable. According to the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), information technology was predicted to create the â€Å"paperless† office but has yet to deliver. Analysts report that companies are still using far more paper than originally predicted for business operations today (stated in Madden, 2009). The consumption of paper contributes to the impacts paper mills and logging have on the environment. Hewlett-Packard one of the leading suppliers of office equipment and supplies has strategically partnered with Capella Technologies to provide an Intelligent Print Management (IPM) software solution. The on demand printing solution allows the company to monitor and track documents and to ensure they are printed on the correct devices thus reducing costs and allow companies to become more eco-friendly. Another example of reducing paper consumption through the use of information technology in Maddens (2009) article is the Quik suite product. Efficient Technologies markets this software to automate forms and incorporate the use of digital signature technology for e-signing. The goal is to have companies fully embrace this technology to reduce its paper consumption by half or greater. There will always be a debate regarding the validity and magnitude in regards to sustainability and other environmental agendas. Maddens (2009) two part editorial suggests these issues are having an impact on information technology and the way organizations are applying them. With the ever increasing environmental regulations and public awareness, companies are becoming more sensitive to their corporate image with the consumer as well as with potential clients. Businesses are utilizing â€Å"green† software technologies enterprise wide in their internal operations as much as they are in their commercial trades to strategically position their public profile while they increase profits and reduce operating costs. References Madden, Ned. (2009, December 1). Sustainability Software, Part 1: Its Easy Being Green. TechNewsWorld. Retrieved from: http://www.technewsworld.com. Madden, Ned. (2009, December 8). Sustainability Software, Part 2: Cutting the Paper Chase. TechNewsWorld. Retrieved from: http://www.technewsworld.com. Enviance ®. http://www.enviance.com. Autodesk ®. http://usa.autodesk.com

Icons of Ambivalence in Bless Me Ultima Essay examples -- Bless Me Ult

Icons of Ambivalence in Bless Me Ultima  Ã‚        Ã‚   The portrait of Mexican Americans is layered in shades of ambivalence. Aside from the fact there is evidence that they can not really be classified as a migratory culture in that the land where they tend to migrate once belonged to Mexico, they can also lay an earlier claim to the land as Native Americans. The Spanish Europeans who settled in the area that became Mexico evolved as the dominant culture over the oral culture of the Native Americans. Nevertheless, there is evidence of ambivalence among the Native Americans to the dominant culture of the Spanish in what is arguably one of the Mexico's basic texts, the story of the Miraculous Apparition of the Virgin of Guadalupe in 1531. The Virgin of Guadalupe does not fit the usual model of the Virgin as she appears to believers, the biggest change being her native appearance. She is of the dominant culture's religion, and yet she is not. Her appearance is one of only eight worldwide that have found acceptance by the Catholic Church (Apparition 48). Moreover, she is a symbol of the native culture as well and has reverence in the eyes of both Mexicans and Mexican Americans that remains evident to date. Notably as well, Bless Me Ultima, a modern work of fiction set in New Mexico, depicts not only ambivalence toward the dominant culture of the United States, but also remnants of the same ambivalence toward the Catholic Church found hundreds of years earlier in the native culture of Mexico. Ultima, one of the principle characters in the novel, practices the ancient art of Curanderismo, an approach to healing which encompasses the body, mind and emotions along with the soul and the spirit (Curandera 1). Ultima practices the four ... ...Robert C. Broderick, ed. New York: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 1987. 48. "Blessed Juan Diego: Model of Humility". 29 Oct. 2000. http://ng.netgate.net/~norberto/juandiego.html. "Blessed or Evil. 5 October 2000. http://www2.cwrl.utexas.edu/sheila/314f95/projects/group5/curan2.htm "Curandera Elena Avila. 5 October 2000. http://www.ph-webnet.com/ph_a/articles/duval-8.htm de Vega, Bechiller Luis Lazo. "History of the Miraculous Apparition of the Virgin of Guadalupe in 1531." The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Later. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. 475-82. "La Curandera: Blessed or Evil." 5 October 2000. http://www2.cwrl.utexas.edu/sheila/314f95/projects/group5/curan.htm "Scapular." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Revised and Updated. Robert C. Broderick, ed. New York: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 1987. 543.      

Operational Management Theory of Constraints Essay

The theory of constraints is a management philosophy which was developed by Goldratt in 1986.   It is based on identifying the limiting factors/constraints in a system which may hinder it from achieving its intended goals.   It states that for such a system to improve, the constraint must be identified and dealt with accordingly. Question one. The major cause of the backlog at the BCMC MRI clinic is due to the low productivity of the MR machine and the heavy overtime schedule which strains the MR technologist and leads to scanning of lesser patients per hour.   Although the machine is designed to make one scan per hour, it is not meeting this target due to various limiting factors such as poor communication between the patient and the hospital scan-scheduling department which has led to booking and overbooking of patients at the wrong times.   This has resulted in the clinic having too many patients which it is unable to handle. Question two. The major problem of this process lies in the clinic’s scheduling department which makes so many mistakes when booking the appointments for the patients’ scanning.   This system unlike previous MRI providers does not handle the scheduling leaving all the workload to the scheduling department and this has proved to be quite hectic for them. Question three. According to the radiology department manager, the clinic should consider hiring another MR technologist to ease the pressure on the present technologist and improve the lead-time.   In addition, the clinic should consider introducing another shift may be in the early hours of the evening in order to ensure that more patients are attended to per day. In addition to the above recommendation, as Kevin and/or David i would recommend that more incentives be given to Jeff the MR technologist for every extra time he puts in.   This would motivate him to work more thus maximizing the number of scans he performs per day and it will help a great deal in reducing the backlog.

How to Use Dialogues in Class

How to Use Dialogues in Class Its easy to get stuck in a rut when using dialogues in class, but these teaching tools are full of potential. Here are some activities that use dialogue beyond just rote reading and parroting.   Use Dialogues to Practice Stress and Intonation Dialogues can come in handy when working on stress and intonation. Students move beyond focusing on single phonemic pronunciation issues and concentrate instead on bringing the right intonation and stress to larger structures. Students can play with meaning through stress by creating dialogues that focus on stressing individual words to clarify meaning. Use dialogues that students are familiar with so that they can focus on pronunciation rather than vocabulary, new forms, etc.Introduce students to the concept of using stress and intonation to highlight content words while brushing over function words.Ask students to highlight their dialogues by marking the content words in each of their lines.Students practice the dialogues together focusing on improving their pronunciation through stress and intonation. Base Impromptu Skits on Dialogues One of my favorite uses of shorter language function dialogues (i.e. shopping, ordering in a restaurant, etc.) for lower levels is to extend the activity by first practicing dialogues, and then asking students to act out dialogues without any help. If you are practicing a number of dialogues, you can add an element of chance by having students pick their target situation out of a hat. Provide numerous short situational dialogues for a target linguistic function. For example, for shopping students can practice exchanges of trying on clothing, asking for help, asking for a different size, paying for items, asking for a friends advice, etc.Have students practice each situation multiple times.Write each situation on a small piece of paper.Students choose a situation randomly and act it out on the spot without any dialogue cues. Extend Dialogues to full Blown Productions Some situational dialogues just call out for full blown productional values. For example, when practicing modal verbs of deduction using a dialogue to make suppositions about what might have happened makes a perfect scenario for practice. Students can begin with a dialogue to get the gist of a scenario, and then let their imaginations take over. Introduce target structure in class. Good structures for longer skits include: conditional forms, reported speech, modal verbs of deduction, speculating about the future, imagining a different past (past modal verbs of deduction).Provide a dialogue with targeted structure as inspiration.Divide the class up into smaller groups, each in the group should have a role.Using the dialogue as a model, students should create their own longer multiple person skit.Students practice and then perform for the rest of the class. Paraphrase Dialogues Paraphrasing dialogues can help students focus on related structures. Begin slowly by asking students to substitute or paraphrase shorter forms. End with more extended dialogues. Provide short dialogues to students and ask them paraphrase shorter phrases. For example, if the dialogue asks for suggestions with a phrase such as Lets go out tonight, students should be able to come up with Why dont we go out tonight, How about going out for a night on the town, etc.Hand out a few different dialogues, ask students to read the dialogue and then create another dialogue on the fly without using the same exact words. Students can take a look at the original lines, but must use other words and phrases.Ask students to read a dialogue to another pair. This pair in turn attempts to repeat the dialogue through paraphrase. As a variation to this exercises for lower level classes, students can expand their use of a wider variety of vocabulary and expressions by using gap fill dialogues. Students still have the structure of the dialogues to hold on to, but must fill in the gaps for the dialogues to make sense.

Critical Thinking Essays - Thought, Epistemology, Free Essays

Critical Thinking Essays - Thought, Epistemology, Free Essays Critical Thinking Critical thinking would be important to the well being of our society for many reasons except for the fact that hardly anyone ever uses it. If people used critical thinking all the time society would be a very different place. People would actually think about what they were going to say and what it means before they said it. It would prevent a lot of conflict because people would stop themselves from saying ignorant and offensive things. Also people would not be as easily influenced by the media and other peoples opinions because they would think about the message behind them. Society as a whole is so quick to believe what the media and/or people of authority have to say that they hardly ever take the time to consider other options. People would be much more likely to form their own opinions and stick to them with information and facts to back it up. I think that people in society would get along better if they took the time to use critical thinking. Even though almost nothing but positive things would come out of everyone thinking critically it will never happen because of the way society is. People are much more likely to follow someone elses opinion then to take the time to come up with their own.

Identify a significant problem area within American Business, or Essay

Identify a significant problem area within American Business, or Business Related Law today - Essay Example In an employment situation, for example, an employee may be being subjected to language discrimination if the workplace has a â€Å"speak-English-only† policy but the employee’s primary language is something other than English† (The Legal Aid Society - Employment Law Center and the ACLU Foundation of Northern California 1). 2. Description of the Nature and Extent of the Problem in Contemporary Society In contemporary society, language discrimination still continues despite laws that were enforced regarding the need to comply with regulations imposed by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, which states that â€Å"the mere existence of a â€Å"speak-English-only† workplace policy is evidence of discrimination under federal law† (The Legal Aid Society - Employment Law Center and the ACLU Foundation of Northern California 2). Furthermore, discriminating the use of one’s native language has been found to â€Å"be a form of discrimination o n the basis of race or national origin, which are prohibited by well-established civil rights laws such as Titles VI and VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (a federal law), and the California Fair Employment and Housing Act (a state law)† (The Legal Aid Society - Employment Law Center and the ACLU Foundation of Northern California 1). 3. ... enter) on behalf of the plaintiffs, the Filipino nurses’ employed in DRMC were summoned to alleged mandatory meetings emphasizing the need to conform to the English-only policy and were, likewise, appropriately advised and warned that surveillance monitoring systems would be installed as a means of controlling them. As such, the report indicated that even during break time, fellow staff nurses continue to barrage these Filipino nurses into complying with the English-only policy; they were also encouraged to immediately report Filipino nurses who speak in their native language. In a copy of the case brief, it was also disclosed that the discrimination targeted only Filipino nurses, and other non-Filipino nurses who speak their respective native languages were not subjected to the same discriminative rules and practices (Asian American Legal Center, "Case No. 1:10-cv-01492-LJO-JLT" 9). 4. Analysis and Discussion of Ways that the Problem Affects Life The language discrimination p roblem was reported to have caused severe emotional and psychological stress, as well as economic difficulties, which ensued due to the need to file legal charges against the hospital for violating the rights of these workers, subject to the Equal Employment Opportunities law and the Civil Rights Act of 1964. According to one of the nurses, who was selected spokesperson of the Filipino nurses who filed the legal action against DRMC, the organization’s imposition of sanctions created due embarrassment and lowered the morale of Filipino nurses. Despite having served the organization for a considerable length of time, the loyalty and dedication rendered were not at all acknowledged and, therefore, the language discrimination practiced causes significant stress, feelings of isolation, and being

Gender Representation of Children's Television cartoon Essay

Gender Representation of Children's Television cartoon - Essay Example from choices of clothes to toys etc. This prejudice also alters the behavior of parents for instance, for girls it can be seen that they are treated delicately while boys are usually treated discourteously. Due to the behaviors of families towards labeling children as boys and girls, within the 18 months of their birth, infants begin to learn the dissimilarities between two genders by themselves. In this way, between 18 to 20 months, the gender identity begins to be constructed. The idea of gender differences becomes clear in the minds of children by the age of two. â€Å"Although they have not fabricated a view of their own gender, they can differentiate females and males and learn to divide the world between women and men. They define behaviors of woman and man (stereotypes about sexuality)†. For instance, in a study which was conducted with the children below age of 2, children acknowledged that boys like to play with cars while girls like to play with dolls and boys like t o push whereas girls like to cry. They define activities of adults as belonging to male and female. They also define colors according to gender. At this age, children are able to determine their own gender correctly and they understand that gender is a permanent characteristic. In later years, children’s communication with friends and in their schools also leads them to construct biased attitudes towards the two genders. One of the most vital contributing factors in internalizing gender stereotypes in children is Media. Katz and Boswell (1986) identified that among children, media and peers are more effective than parents in developing gender identification. For children, many television programs are integrated with gender discrimination intensively.... For children, many television programs are integrated with gender discrimination intensively. In TV programs, it can be clearly seen that one of the two genders is posed as dominant while others are insignificant characters. A large number of programs reveal male as more dominant and powerful character as compared to female character. Many of the shows that are being shown on TV are ordinary lives of ordinary people reflected on the screen. According to Mutlu, (1999) â€Å"Shortly, television is the extension of people's common, ordinary feelings and interests on screen† (Mutlu, 1999). As Williams states, â€Å"most of the television programs are extensions of daily talk† (Williams, 1992). Therefore, it is possible that all the contents of TV programs are actually society’s beliefs, ideas and traditions that are broadcasted on TV. It is really important for parents to know what their children are watching. Television exposes children to those things from which pa rents are striving to protect the m especially drug abuse, violence etc. Along with the actual television programs, children also get influenced by what they see in advertisements during commercial breaks. There are many negative aspects of watching too much TV. Watching TV too much can cause bedtime resistance and anxiety around sleep. It is also followed by shortened duration of sleep. Another study suggested that there is a strong relationship between watching too much TV and aggressive behavior of children. Children who spend significant amount of time in watching TV during early adulthood and adolescence are more likely to act aggressively against others. Watching too much TV also causes the problem of overweight and inactiveness among children. In TV programs, gender discrimination is also actually a

CFZ18 International Human Resource Management Essay

CFZ18 International Human Resource Management - Essay Example A good example is the Nanjing university school of business which offers Masters of Science in Human Resource Management. In its portfolio, the institution describes the MSc Human Resource Management program as a program aimed at raising high-caliber fellows in order to meet the growing competitive needs in the global business environment (Bas & Zhao, 2012). Next, governments that decide to construct or re-construct states that function as per the rule of the law always lead to two contrasting movements. The first move constitutes nations involved in rebuilding their government institutions or building their government institutions from scratch. Examples of nations that have experienced this include Libya and South Sudan that have experienced internal conflicts and wars that have brought about state collapse (Natsios, 2012; LeRiche & Arnold, 2012). The second move constitutes of nations that have resorted to economic and political changes. A typical example of this measure is the action of the Eastern European nations to transform from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. In either case, a national government will only accept IHRM practices that are compliant with its bid to accomplish the restructuring endeavors. Another way in which a government can affect the effectiveness of implementation of HRM policies and practices is through issuance of guidance on the wages that employees should be receiving and simplification of the steps involved in forming labor unions. For example, the move by the Bangladesh government to appoint the tripartite minimum wage board whose duty is to significantly raise the lowest pay rendered to factory workers (Eyraud & Saget, 2005). To this end, the cabinet has approved a host of amendments to the labor laws therein in order to improve benefits in addition to simplifying the process of

Three Presidential Administrations Essay Example for Free

Three Presidential Administrations Essay I have chosen three presidential administrations that to my opinion had the greatest impact on the development of the American nation. These are the administrations of Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt. I am going to demonstrate that these administrations shaped America’s political, economic and financial model as well as laid the foundations of its modern foreign policy. I am going to consider the three administrations separately, and compare and contrast them in the conclusion of this paper. Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) Roosevelt’s presidency marked the beginning of the XX century for America with a completely new style of administration. As a steward of the people Roosevelt introduced a new idea of a president as a mouthpiece of the public good. At that he aimed to turn the government into an organizing power and arbiter of the national economic forces, including both large capitals and workers. Striving to provide fair competition in the national economy Roosevelt became known as a â€Å"trust buster† when he aggressively pursued the enforcement of the Sherman Act. On the other hand he declared the need for social reforms and social partnership that were necessary in order for capitalism to survive in America thusly laying grounds for modern American socioeconomic model. It appears that Roosevelt has not distinguished social and environmental issues that are viewed separately in our times. Although being a passionate hunter, he fostered major nature-oriented measures including significant increase of the national forests area and major irrigation projects. A link between social and environmental matters can be found in Pure Food and Drug Act that has been passed during Roosevelt’s presidency. Roosevelt was extremely concerned with public health believing that nature protection is a part of social policy. In the international arena Roosevelt made America both and active player and an arbiter for international disputes. He placed Panama into the range of American interests and increased the US influence in Central America by allowing construction of the Panama Canal under US control. As a mediator in the international disputes he intervened into the conflict between Venezuela and European nations with a proposition to settle the conflict in the International Court of Arbitration, and, most remarkably, mediated during the peace talks between Japan and Russia in 1905 that contributed greatly to America’s global prestige. It can thus be observed that Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency marked the beginnings for establishment of both US home policies in the social, economic and environmental fields and foreign policy as a global player and a global arbiter. Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921) Just like Roosevelt, Wilson believed that a president should first and foremost act as a representative of the people. And, just as Roosevelt, Wilson continued the course for establishment of partnership between large capital and the society. In order to normalize national finances he persuaded two major measures. Firstly he won the Congress support for Underwood Act that decreased overall tariff and eliminated tariff for such items as steel and wool, as well as established the Federal income tax as a unified basis for national taxation. Secondly he succeeded in passing the Federal Reserve Act providing the nation with the necessary supply of funds. Financial reforms were followed by social ones. In 1916 a new law prohibited child labor and limited the length of the working day to eight hours for some categories of workers. Yet some of Wilson’s measures in the social sphere are at least controversial. This includes his support to official segregation in the universities and state offices that has been finally eliminated only half a century later. Not less controversial was Wilson’s foreign policy. Having won his second elections as a â€Å"man who protected America from war† he still caused the Congress to declare America’s entry to the European conflict making WWI really global. Arms contract resulted in economic boost, while Wilson’s position during the subsequent peace talks was a major factor that produced interwar global order, including foundation of the League of Nations. Perhaps Wilson frankly strived to make WWI a war that would put an end to all wars and it is not the fault of his administration that the Versailles system collapsed in twenty years. Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945) F.D. Roosevelt is literally a person to whom America owes its present influence and prosperity. He became a leader of a nation that experienced dramatic economic and social crisis and has been withdrawing to isolationism from the rest of the world. By the end of his presidency America was the mightiest economy of the leader of the western nations. In the sphere of home policy Roosevelt demonstrated how state interference can contribute to economic revival, while in foreign policy he managed to win wars before first shots were made. Roosevelt’s â€Å"New Deal† provided relief to the tens of millions of the unemployed by canalizing this potentially dangerous energy to the national projects like highways construction and working in the rural areas. Such new bodies as Federal Emergency Relief Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, Public Works Administration and Agricultural Adjustment Administration were designed as state bodies that were to organize the unemployed to perform public works thusly providing them with jobs and salary. Roosevelt’s financial policy was more contradictory, including confiscation of privately owned gold and securing of economic growth by major loans that dramatically increased the national debts. Although the economy has been partially recovered, America was still too weak to play a decisive role in the global policy at the eve of the World War II. Roosevelt’s administration was extremely successfull in combining economy and foreign policy. The land-lease program advocated by Roosevelt both provided outstanding economic growth and allowed America to shape the course of the global war by economic and financial means. Whether Japan would attack Pearl-Harbor or not, America was already participating in the war as non-belligerent ally of Great Britain and USSR. Roosevelt championed in raking up the fire with the hands of the others, and in 1945 America was the only among Allied nations that has not suffered military devastation and whose economy allowed it to set the tone during peace conferences. Although Roosevelt died before the war was over, it was his effort that made America the only real winner in the World War II. Concluding the paper it can be observed that each of the three mentioned presidential administrations had to deal with similar problems and proposed similar solutions. In the home policy this included major economic and financial reforms that were to ensure the social development of America, while in the foreign policy this was a race for global leadership eventually won by the USA. Although Theodore Roosevelt demonstrated commitment to free economy and his homonym used state intervention to the economy, and although the views of America’s place in the world differed from Wilson to F.D. Roosevelt, their basic course was the same. It included establishment of socially oriented competitive economy and promotion of America to the position of the global leader and arbiter.